Do not waste time, and we will immediately pass the verdict: the Swissstand broker is decent. Why do we think so? Our experts carefully analyzed all the information published on the network, studied customer reviews, and spoke with representatives of swissstand.com. Of course, you will be able to meet a certain amount of negative reviews, but you must not forget about the strong competition among Forex brokers. Quite often it is easier to throw mud at someone else's company than to promote your own services. In any reviews about Swissstand are mostly positive.

A distinctive feature of criminals is that they have a low-quality site. The site of the Swissstand Forex broker does not seem to be bad, as the criminals do not have a serious amount of money. Their websites are often banned. Such sites are almost always developed in a site builder, for example, on Wordpress. The company's website in this context does not look like fake at all. It is noticeable that a lot of time was spent on the site, swissstand. Most likely the company has its own staff of developers.

Another obvious indicator is how swissstand.com maintains feedback from traders. Questionable managers almost always call cold calls. Scammers pretend to be brokers, contact potential victims and from the start offer to invest in dubious projects, and as much as possible, this has not been noticed on swissstand.com. In general, the organization is well known. As for those brokers, which of course are a scam, swissstand.com is all the more significantly distinguished by its reputation, which is almost impossible to buy online for money.

First, let's look at the broker as a whole. Everything is known in comparison, respectively, we will compare the company with swindlers. You can draw your own conclusions.

Studying the company's policy, we also come to the conclusion that this is not a fake company. It can be seen that the broker has its own legal department. The scammers on the official website have the devil knows what. Based on our experience, we can state that often, they have absolutely no legal data or any information about the organization's policy on their official websites. The swissstand website has it all in stock. You also need to talk about reviews. Criminals have either exceptionally bad reviews, or a significant percentage of reviews are 100% fake. swissstand has good reviews. There are positives, there are negatives, and they are all authentic. Again, with regard to criminals, it is likely that without our help, criminals produce reviews in order to somehow improve their reputation. Therefore, we assume that if swissstand.com has an adequate situation with reviews, then the company itself is credible.

About swissstand partners

The organization has a partnership with the Swift bank transfer system. This system is a recognized world leader in this field. A significant part of banks and Forex brokers work through this system. Of course, that unreliable companies are not able to boast of this. Therefore, swissstand is certainly not a scam. Swift diligently evaluates potential partners before approving a collaboration. If you give access to the system to a broker that raises even the slightest doubt, then this is fraught with serious damage. For example, if swissstand.com were criminals and made an attempt to profit from this system, it would be a big reputational blow at best.

Overview of the Swissstand broker platform

swissstand.com has a user experience department. The functions of this division include, as the name implies, monitoring the satisfaction of traders with the services of the company. The department also carries out the development of new products, and the improvement of existing ones. Employees are engaged in improving the IT infrastructure of swissstand Forex broker. The work goes in similar directions as testing new functions on the trading platform, correcting inevitable problems in the software. But the main role is given to the improvement of the swissstand.com platform. The goal is clear, to make working on the platform as convenient as possible. This is what the swissstand reviews say. Thus, it becomes obvious that the company cares about its own users. As part of the question: is swissstand a bad company, this is important for 3 reasons:

Fraudsters don't care about victims. They only care about profit;
As it was said at the beginning of the article, swissstand.com has a well-established official website, and dubious organizations, as a rule, cannot boast of such;
Scam sites are quickly banned, even if the criminals planned to look like a decent company, they would not have time.

Learn more about reviews on swissstand.com

Another important thing to say about reviews is that they are extremely difficult to fake, and not only because false reviews are easily detected, but because of the similarity. Review portals that care about their own interests will not allow this. Of course, if the swissstand broker tried to improve its popularity, then the site admins would quickly stop it. If a site is seen to be doing poorly with fake reviews, then it will suffer. It is the same with consciously closing one's eyes to this kind of activity. In any case, swissstand has seen no such attempt to influence reviews. Our employees specifically got in touch with the site employee, and he agreed that this is what happens with cases of buying reputation. Based on the fact that the reviews of the company are real and it is almost impossible to wind them up. The conclusion is: swissstand is not a hoax!

Briefly about the level of Swissstand service for Forex.

In general, the company provides normal market conditions for traders. In this regard, swissstand is also unrealistic to be suspected of something criminal. As mentioned above, the firm is working on the level of the trading platform. Here is a short list of what the company offers to potential clients:

Ability to work with MetaTrader 4. Feedback from inexperienced and serious traders regarding trading with Swissstand is generally good;
CFD trading;
Earnings on the commodity exchange;
Trading on currency and crypto;
Protected software;
Education and work on Forex with a consultant.

More about broker Swissstand

The MetaTrader 4 trading terminal has established itself as a reliable program that is suitable for a variety of types of traders. MetaTrader 4 is designed to implement even the most complex trading strategies. A wide variety of indicators that are suitable for both basic and fundamental analysis are in the program. Since the company under study is cooperating with MetaTrader, you don’t have to worry about the prospects of earning money with a broker.

Why is it important to choose a firm carefully?

It would seem that the consequences of a wrong decision in choosing a broker are obvious, but we are not able to talk about it in more detail, and here's why:
It is extremely difficult to get back finances in the event of a conflict with scammers;
After such a development of events, it is very easy to lose faith in trading;

Additional signs of criminals:

The organization interferes with the withdrawal of the account balance;
Increases commissions;
Forces trading in certain assets;
Practices parasitic conditions in trade and not only;
Manages the trader's investment portfolio in his own interests;
Advertising guarantees earnings under any circumstances;

The quotes on the broker's trading platform differ too much from the quotes of other exchanges.

And so, imagine that 30% of this is used by scammers with whom you started working. What will happen in this case? Of course, you will not receive income, as well as your own money.

Conclusions:

All of the above should be applied as parameters when choosing a company. With regards to swissstand.com, everything is clear. An organization differs from bad companies in literally every way. Finally, let's add real customer reviews about Swissstand:

Alex:

Very happy with the broker. I started earning from scratch, the mentor taught me for six months. For half a year, I reached 10% profit in one month.

Richard:

Already tested several brokers. And didn't like it anywhere. I liked the fact that everything was sensibly explained in this company and I began to receive income in the long run, and not with varying degrees of success. I give the company a solid five.

Chris:

I have been interested in Forex trading for a long time, but I did not want to run into a scam or lose my investment. A friend has been working with this broker for a long time and recommended him. Decided to try it and didn't regret it. My mentor explained everything from the basics in a very accessible way and I was able to start making some decent money. I advise everyone!))

Review on Forex broker Keller Finance 2022

First of all, we analyze the company as a whole. Everything needs to be considered in the system, so we will compare the organization with suspicious companies. You will draw conclusions without our help.

A striking characteristic of suspicious companies is that they have a poorly designed website. The official website of the company under study does not look like a fraudulent one, since the scammers do not have a large amount of money. Their websites are quickly taken down. Such websites are almost always developed in an online website builder such as Tilde. The company's website in this regard is absolutely not like fake. It can be seen that the official website, Keller Finance, has taken a serious amount of time. Surely the broker has its own IT department.

What else is important to analyze in the context of a review on Keller Finance forex broker?

Another characteristic evidence is how Keller Finance maintains feedback from traders. Dubious citizens almost always call without preparation. Managers pretend to be brokers, get in touch with potential victims and from the start offer to invest in dubious projects, and as much as possible, this has not been noticed for kellerfin.com. In fact, the company has a good reputation. As for those companies that are obviously bad, Keller Finance is all the more strikingly distinguished by its reputation, which is almost impossible to buy for money online. We consider this to be one of the most important criteria in the context of the Keller Finance investment review.

Let's not waste your time, and immediately voice our opinion: Keller Finance is not a bad company. On what basis do we think so? Our employees carefully studied all the data available on the Internet, checked customer reviews, conducted interviews with kellerfinance.com employees. Of course, you can find some amount of negative information, but you should not forget about the strong competition among Forex brokers. It is often easier to sling mud at someone else's brokerage organization than to improve your own services. In any case, there is no such negativity in the reviews on Keller Finance forex broker.

Analyzing the company's policy, we also conclude that this is not a fake company. Obviously, the firm has its own division of lawyers. The criminals on the website have the devil knows what. Based on our experience, we can conclude that, in general, they have absolutely no legal information on their official websites, nor any information about the working conditions of the company. The Keller Finance website has it all. In addition, it must be said about the reviews on Keller Finance. Bad companies have either extremely negative reviews, or some percentage of reviews are one hundred percent fake. Keller Finance is doing well with reviews. There are positives, there are negatives, and they are all authentic. Again, with regard to scammers, it is likely that the scammers themselves create reviews for themselves in order to somehow smooth out their fame. Accordingly, we conclude that if broker has a situation with reviews similar to the truth, then the company itself is credible.

About Keller Finance Partners

The firm cooperates with the system of transfers between banks Swift. This system is a well-known world leader in this field. A significant part of financial institutions and honest Forex brokers operate through this system. Of course, dubious companies cannot boast of this. So kellerfinance.com is definitely not a bad company anymore. Swift diligently researches potential partners before launching a partnership. If you give access to the company's system, which raises even small doubts, then this will result in gigantic damage. For example, if Keller Finance were bad financiers and tried to profit from this system, it would be a big reputational blow at best.

Checking the quality of the Keller Finance trading platform

Keller Finance has a department for quality control of work with users. The functions of this division include, as the name implies, tracking user satisfaction with the company's services. The department also develops new products and improves existing ones. Employees are engaged in improving the IT infrastructure of Keller Finance. The work goes on such fronts as testing new functions on the trading platform, eliminating inevitable problems in the software. But the main role is given to the modernization of the company's platform. The goal is clear, to make trading on the platform as convenient as possible. Reviews of Keller Finance speak about this. Thus, it becomes obvious that the organization takes care of its customers. As part of the question: Is Keller Finance a bad company, this matters for three reasons:

Dishonest brokers do not care about the victims. They only care about profit;
As it was said at the beginning of the material, Keller Finance has a well-established website, and unreliable organizations are most often not able to boast of such;
The official websites of criminals are often deleted, even if the criminals wanted to become like a serious company, they would not have time.

Learn more about reviews on Keller Finance

It is important to say one more thing about reviews: they are very difficult to fake, and not only because false reviews are very noticeable, but because of the stereotype. Review sites that care about their own interests will not allow this. Of course, if the Forex broker Keller Finance was trying to strengthen its reputation, the site admins would quickly stop it. In the event that the portal is caught doing poorly with fake reviews, then its reputation will suffer. The same thing happens with the deliberate aversion of eyes to such incidents. In any case, Keller Finance has not been found to be trying to influence the reviews in this way. Our employees specifically contacted the site representative, and he confirmed that this is the case with attempts to cheat reviews. Based on the fact that the reviews of the company are authentic and it is almost impossible to wind them up. The bottom line is: Keller Finance is a decent company!

Briefly about the quality of the company's trading platform.

In general, the firm offers market-standard conditions for traders. In this regard, Keller Finance is also hard to suspect of something criminal. As mentioned above, the company is working on the quality of service. Here is a short list of what the firm offers to potential clients:

Ability to work with MetaTrader 4. Feedback from young and professional traders regarding trading with Keller Finance is generally good;
CFD trading;
Trading on the commodity exchange;
Trading on currency and crypto;
Protected Software;
Education and work on Forex with a mentor.

More about the broker

The MetaTrader 4 trading service has established itself as a good program that is suitable for various types of traders. MetaTrader 4 is built to execute even the most complex trading strategies. There are a variety of indicators suitable for both basic and fundamental analysis in MetaTrader 4. Since the company under study is in partnership with MetaTrader, you don’t have to worry about the prospects of working with Keller Finance.

Why is it important to choose a broker carefully?

It would seem that the consequences of a wrong decision in choosing a firm are obvious, but we are unable to not report on this in more detail, and here's why:
It is extremely difficult to get back funds in the event of a collision with scammers;
After such a development of events, it is very easy to lose faith in trading;

Additional features of scammers:

The organization resists the withdrawal of the account balance;
Increases commissions;
Persistently offers trading in certain assets;
Uses parasitic conditions in trading and not only;
Manages the trader's investment portfolio in his own interests;
Advertising guarantees profit under any circumstances;

Quotes on the trading service of the company differ too much from the average.

And so, imagine that a third of this is used by the criminals you encountered. What will happen in such a case? Of course, you will not see profits, as well as your money.

Results:

All of the above should be used as strict criteria when choosing a firm. With regards to Keller Finance, everything is clear. The organization differs from criminals in almost every way. Finally, let's add real feedback from traders about Keller Finance:

Alex:

I am extremely satisfied with the work with the broker. I started from scratch, the analyst coached me for three months. For the year I went to 7% profit per month.

George:

Already tested several brokers. Didn't like it anywhere. What I liked about this company was that everything was sensibly explained and I began to earn income over the long haul, and not with varying degrees of success. I give the company a solid four plus.

Louise:

I have been interested in Forex trading for a long time, but I was afraid to run into a scam or lose money. A friend has been working with this broker for some time and recommended him. Decided to try it and didn't fail. My analyst explained everything from the basics in a very accessible language and I was able to start making good money. I recommend to everyone!))

BNB Chain Report: The State of Oracles

Title

TL;DR

There are a few leading oracles in the space: Chainlink, Binance Oracle, Pyth Network, Band Protocol, and Uniswap (time-weighted average price) TWAP oracle for the special cases.
Frequency and latency are important but come with a price.
Mixing the best of both worlds and having a multi-oracle setup can help mitigate most of the risks associated with oracles.
The most used strategy to mitigate these risks is to use primary and secondary (fallback) oracles.
TWAP oracles are a special case and have to be handled with care.
The use of a privacy-preserving oracle to bridge the gap between privacy-enabled dApps and third-party data providers may be a new trend.
ZK Proofs using oracles may be the next big thing for cross-chain communication.

INTRODUCTION

As Web3 becomes more and more popular, the industry is seeing an increase in interest from both retail users and institutions. The trustless nature of blockchain technology allows multiple parties involved in a transaction to execute with 100% guarantees for each side once conditions are met. That creates enormous opportunities for new business cases to be developed. At the time of writing, decentralized finance’s (DeFi) total value locked (TVL) is $41 billion, according to DefiLlama,
https://preview.redd.it/cc7m3dir5j3a1.png?width=1348&format=png&auto=webp&s=d9dd7d6481172a3b2e5d2093a76b8403d114d657
Decentralized finance (DeFi) total value locked (TVL) (Source).
Blockchain oracles have been in the Web3 space since 2015, bridging the gap between deterministic siloed blockchains and probabilistic real-world data, allowing multiple use cases on the blockchain that could not have been possible otherwise. By design dApps are supposed to be trustless, always running in the way they were designed. Oracles are a critical piece of the infrastructure ensuring that data can be trusted before it reaches the blockchain. For the smart contracts that rely on external data, execution oracles have to be fast, reliable, decentralized, and resistant to any type of attack.
The purpose of this report is to dive deeper into oracles’ value, identify bottlenecks, explore innovations in the space, and provide recommendations on designing the best oracle setup to ensure optimal protocol performance with the most accurate data feeds in the shortest time.

What Is a Blockchain Oracle?

First, let’s do a quick recap on blockchain oracles. Oracles are decentralized applications that gather, validate, and deliver off-chain data to smart contracts on the blockchain. Similarly, they can do the same for delivering on-chain data to off-chain systems. Oracles are middleware connecting smart contracts on blockchains to off-chain data providers, sources and systems. Without oracles, smart contract applications would be limited to executing using only on-chain data.
If an oracle is corrupted, the correctness of the result of the execution of the smart contract will be compromised, potentially causing enormous losses. Blockchain oracles are a crucial part of the ecosystem.
Flash loan attacks, orchestrated oracle manipulation, and lengthy latency during extremely volatile times add up to the complexity of the infrastructure a dApp has to monitor when building its protocols.

Latency and Frequency

Latency and frequency are two key parameters that determine the performance of an oracle, and a formula can be more complex taking multiple parameters into consideration.
Latency is the time taken for an off-chain data feed to be available to use for a smart contract on-chain after triggering a condition that requires off-chain data with a transaction. Latency can also be used in the context of data freshness, i.e., how old the last data feed is prior to being published on-chain. The latency formula depends on multiple factors.

Block Time, which varies for different networks. ETH’s block time is 10-15 seconds, BNB Chain’s block time is 3 seconds, and SOL’s block time (via a Wormhole bridge) is 3-5 seconds;
Deviation Threshold or Heartbeat Threshold, whichever whatever happens first. For the most common cryptocurrency pairs such as BTC, ETH, and BNB the following parameters are set:
BTC: 0.1% / 1 min
ETH: 0.1% / 1 min
BNB: 1% / 1 min

Latency depends on both the underlying blockchain and oracle settings.
Frequency is how often the price is updated on a blockchain. In other words, how often the price update triggers (Deviation Threshold, Heartbeat Threshold or requester contract) publishing a new price. In a highly volatile market, the frequency of updates might be bigger because the triggering parameter such as the Deviation Threshold moves more often. The more frequent, almost real-time updates, especially during times of high volatility might contribute to network congestion if the blockchain throughput is low.

Oracle Relayers

A relayer is a general term for a third party that relays some information from one party to another. In the context of blockchain, a relayer submits a user’s transaction to the blockchain network on their behalf and pays the associated gas fee. Oracles usually operate across multiple blockchains and one option for oracle architecture to achieve cross-chain interoperability is to use a third-party relayer design to transmit data across blockchains.
https://preview.redd.it/p23yl51u5j3a1.png?width=1600&format=png&auto=webp&s=da2e1dc083dce7b9a7f4db5ad6924580bae22360
Relayers in oracle design can be used to bridge reported data to other blockchains (Source).
Some potential drawbacks to using relayer architecture are increased latency (users must wait for data to first be delivered to the primary blockchain, then they must wait for it to be bridged to a secondary blockchain or Layer2 network) and responsiveness, as the the relay model requires a set of highly available and incentivized third-party relayers to bridge oracle data from one chain to another.

Data Sources/Publishers

Data sources are third parties that have access to the information in real-time, and can be divided into various categories

CEXs and DEXs
OTC desks
Derivatives exchanges
Liquidity providers
Quantitative trading companies
Weather data collectors
Geolocation data collectors
Digital credential data providers

METHODOLOGY

A qualitative data collection approach has been used to further deep dive into the existing oracle landscape. A semi-structured interview for the case study was selected to gather information about oracle use by the ten largest DeFi protocols in the market accounting for hundreds of millions of TVL.
All Chainlink, Binance Oracle, Pyth Network and Band Protocol documentation in service of the above-mentioned protocols has been reviewed and analyzed as a part of the case study.

DATA COLLECTION

A semi-structured interview was selected to gather information about oracle use by various DeFi protocols in the market. Participants were selected based on their TVL and trading volume.
The purpose of this paper is to identify and analyze the bottlenecks in the industry, as well as discover new options and provide recommendations on oracle use.
The limitations of the case study: CTOs and lead engineers of the largest subset of DeFi protocols were selected to interview. Smaller DeFi lending and borrowing protocols and small DEXs were not included. The list of questions for the interview is provided below.

What type of project do you have?
Which data feeds do you use?
Do you use data oracles? Which oracle partner have you selected?
How do you use data feeds? How often do you request the data feed? How fast is your data feed? How many API calls do you make per month/per feed?
Why have you selected this oracle / built your own? How long have you been working with them? What do you like the most about working with your oracle? What don’t you like about it? What would you like to improve?
Have you ever experienced any problems with the oracles? How did you deal with it?

VALIDATION THROUGH CASE STUDIES

The results from the survey using keywords analysis and transcribed data provided insights on how DeFi protocols are using oracles, what the limitations and challenges are, and sheds the light on how DeFi protocols mitigate risks relative to the industry.
Key Findings:

Both low frequency and latency are named as main concerns for the oracles use by two thirds of the protocol interviews. Contrary to popular belief, protocols do not need the data available immediately, but they do want it fast. A lot indicated that price deviation and heartbeat were more important than frequent price updates.
Frequency has a direct relationship with the price deviation. The more often the price is updated the less deviation there is.
Push oracle latency comes with a price: the more frequently the price is updated on a chain the higher the gas fee. Most monetization models divide the price feed fee among dApps using it. Pull oracles also come with a price tag: whichever dApp requests the data update first has to pay the gas fee. The data is free for the rest of the protocols using that update.
Oracle reliability is the second most important factor.
The majority of protocols rely on multiple oracle setup, having two on average with three being the maximum. We might see more double oracle setups in the future as a risk mitigation strategy.
Some protocols have chosen to build their TWAP oracle by adding different modifications and maintaining more control and “having skin in the game.”

ORACLE TYPES

The very first blockchain oracle was centralized and served the industry well by supplying the necessary data to the blockchain. But as the industry matured, different oracle designs emerged to solve myriad issues with the centralized model. Analysis of documentation from a variety of oracle providers indicate that their designs vary depending on multiple parameters (eth source):
1. Number of Data Sources. Oracles that are connected to multiple sources and generate the average price from different sources are called aggregated price oracles. For example, Chainlink, Binance Oracle, Pyth Network, Band Protocol are all aggregated price feed oracles as compared to Uniswap which is a single source oracle.
2. Location of Data Source. Data sources for oracles can be on-chain or off-chain. Some of the largest off-chain data providers are the largest CEXsconnected through APIs to oracles nodes where data is pulled, validated, signed, and published on-chain. The largest on-chain data sources are DEXs such as PancakeSwap for BNB chain and Uniswap for Ethereum. DEXs provide prices based on the invariant curve exchange rate for cryptocurrency pairs.
3. Centralized or Decentralized. Oracles are classified as centralized or decentralized depending on their trust model and consensus mechanism. One of the very first oracles in the space on Ethereum called Provable (formerly Oraclize) is a centralized oracle provider but now most are decentralized. .
4. Push or Pull. Oracles that automatically update cryptocurrency prices on chain are called push oracles and oracles that need an active request to update cryptocurrency prices are called pull oracles. Push oracles publish prices on-chain when triggered by one of two indicators:
Deviation Threshold: If the cryptocurrency price is different from the previous price by more than 0.1% -1% (varies for different pairs) then the push oracle is activated to update the price on-chain.
Heartbeat Threshold: If the cryptocurrency price doesn’t change within 1-10 minutes (depending on the parameters set) then the push oracle is activated to update the price on-chain.
5. Type of Data Source. Oracles can specialize in many types of data including cryptocurrency prices, commodities prices, FX prices, trade, weather, sports outcomes and statistics, identity, DNS lookups, and more.

TWAP ORACLES

While most of the oracles in the space are off-chain and decentralized, time-weighted average price (TWAP) oracles are different. TWAP oracles give the average price of a token for a determined period of time versus oracles that provide mean or weighted average prices aggregated from multiple data sources at a given moment. TWAP oracles are based on DEX prices and use the exchange rate of token A to token B as the price-determining factor. DEXs are the only source of truth for the price of the tokens that are not listed and traded on larger exchanges and there are no other providers available. For example, Uniswap TWAP V2.
https://preview.redd.it/3lxrdy5w5j3a1.png?width=1360&format=png&auto=webp&s=db4f9ac3a7893e7815ce7a528790d77eda7f6fab
The time-weighted average price (TWAP) calculation methodology supported by the Uniswap V2 automatic market maker (AMM) (Source).
A TWAP oracle has several limitations. It is a lagging indicator, so if a cryptocurrency price is volatile, the TWAP will not accurately reflect the price, which results in a higher risk of under-collateralization. TWAP oracles pull their price data from a single source only, making it more likely that low-cap asset prices off of a particular DEX are not representative of the broader market price. TWAP oracles do not provide data about off-chain trading pairs and they are not a scalable solution that mirrors the design of the underlying protocols that they service.
That said, TWAP oracles do have an unspoken benefit: they are the only source of price feeds for high-risk, low-cap tokens. Protocols that are built around isolated trading low cap tokens benefit from having access to a TWAP oracle but, as mentioned previously, the data in question is subject to natural (or malicious) market manipulation and must be used with caution.
At the time of the writing, Uniswap TWAP oracle team was working on researching on other improvements such as Time Weight Median Price (TWMP), wide-range liquidity, and limit orders to be introduced to Uniswap TWAP v.3.
https://preview.redd.it/nhgyy4hy5j3a1.png?width=1600&format=png&auto=webp&s=e2d5922fcf1e85d95996819b7d015c2914e41873
Uniswap time weighted average price (TWAP) oracle total value secured (TVS) November 2022 (Source).

ORACLES OVERVIEW

Currently, there are four major market participants in the oracle space:

Oracle	Type	Features	Key Highlights
Chainlink	Decentralized off-chain. Push and pull.	Price feeds.200+ real estate, sports, crypto prices, equities, identity, Proof of reserve. VRF RNG	1500 dApps across 15 blockchains with more than 360M price updates per month. A set of features that expands beyond standard price feeds
Binance Oracle	Decentralized off-chain. Push.	40+ crypto prices. VRF RNG planned (gas).	Ten new projects joined closed beta testnet since launch including a few largest on-chain TVL. Increased security MPC, the private keyshare to sign a transaction. Optimized for speed using white labels off-chain data sources only. Space ID integration, the largest domain name provider on BNB Chain.
Pyth Network	Decentralized off-chain. Pull.	Over 90 cryptocurrencies, equities, FX, and metal.	70+ projects are using Pyth after a few months from the mainnet. 80+ data publishers are working with Pyth Access to exclusive data feeds.
Band Protocol	Decentralized off-chain. Push.	175+ cryptocurrencies.40 FX and commodities. VRF/RNG.	Runs on its own network on Cosmos, cross-chain through Cosmos IBC relayers. Has the infrastructure to add a new symbol quickly. Can work with custom requests.

Chainlink

https://preview.redd.it/9xaerfrpxj3a1.png?width=1600&format=png&auto=webp&s=9c0ea03eba900034ee4a3e676dd8bceb39966816
Chainlink total value secured (TVS) (Source).
Chainlink is one of the largest oracle solutions in the market. It was established in 2017 and has been a source of truth for over 1500 dApps across 15 blockchains. At the time of this writing, the Total Value Secured by Chainlink was approximately $9.4 billion.
Chainlink is an off-chain decentralized oracle network that serves over 200 pairs on Ethereum and more than 100 pairs on the BNB chain. Chainlink data expands far outside of crypto pricing offerings and includes weather data, sports data, FX and commodities.
Chainlink has additional features such as data automation, VRF/RNG, Proof of Reserve, NFT price feeds, and Cross-chain interoperability protocol. Also, dApps can access any external data through AnyAPI adaptors.

Pyth Network

https://preview.redd.it/qyxm4t5sxj3a1.png?width=1600&format=png&auto=webp&s=80771161353593dc35632f8e2b85ef89cdf1f376
Pyth Network total value secured (TVS) (Source).
Pyth Network was launched in 2021 and is the first oracle to popularize the pull mechanism for price feed updates. Currently, more than 70 projects are deployed to use Pyth Network which uses its own network to make sure the underlying blockchain does not affect the reliability of the oracle and that it is always running.
Pyth Network is a decentralized off-chain aggregate price oracle that publishes data off-chain 2-3 times per second for everyone to read it. That data is published on-chain only after the request for a price contract has been made. The gas fee is paid by whoever first called the price update and it is available for the rest to use cost-free once on-chain. End-users of Pyth data can elect to pay data fees to gain protection against a potential oracle failure.
Pyth Network uses a weighted average aggregate price coming from multiple sources, some of them exclusive. Pyth Data Providers are fully transparent and available to read.

Binance Oracle

Binance Oracle was launched in October 2022 after being in design and production for more than nine months. Binance Oracle has implemented a few modifications to create more resilient and faster push oracles. At the time of this writing, Binance Oracle is deployed to the beta testnet and has onboarded its first customers.
A few significant improvements to Binance’s oracle design were added to make the price feeds faster and more secure:

Multi-Party Computation Threshold Signature Scheme. Used by institutional custodians Binance Oracle uses the most secure cryptography for data correctness. Multiple distributed nodes participate in the data signing process, ensuring the safety of the private key.
Whitelabeled and Hand-Selected Data Providers. By highly curating data providers, Binance oracle aims to ensure the quality and consistency of data, positioning itself somewhere between Chainlink’s on-chain and off-chain providers and Pyth’s 70 off-chain sources.
Customized and Open Providers. Based on rapid development efficiency and quick development turnaround, customized data support is available upon request. Binance Oracle aims to enable more projects to use stable oracle services.

Band Protocol

https://preview.redd.it/gpi2b5ztxj3a1.png?width=1600&format=png&auto=webp&s=9bb3604b625f92127d13503dc572badaf2743ee5
Band Protocol’s total value secured (TVS) (Source).
Band Protocol is a Cosmos-based oracle supporting 20 blockchains through the inter-blockchain protocol (IBC), a scalable oracle that has its own network to process all data. Band Protocol is also a decentralized off-chain aggregator oracle supporting more than 90 crypto symbols and 12 forex trading pairs.
Band Protocol has built its own relayer network and is able to ensure fast cross-chain communication to publish data to the different blockchains using the IBC bridge.

Other Oracle Designs: API3

API3 is moving from the third-party oracle model to the first-party data providers directly on-chain. An off-chain first-party oracle connects data from any API to a smart contract through Airnode. DAO-governed, Airnode is Web3 middleware that connects any web API directly to any blockchain application. Airnodes are a piece of cloud service infrastructure that allow data providers to deploy their existing Web2 API onto the blockchain, creating what API3 calls a dAPI (Decentralized API).
https://preview.redd.it/ehejymdwxj3a1.png?width=1600&format=png&auto=webp&s=90ffeb8667ec1fa3cc985b4b6c3e2fe20b2e8c75
Airnode Web3 middleware connects any web API directly to any blockchain application (Source).
The API3 team manages the endpoints and a multi-sig mechanism is used for extra security signing transactions. API3 can also provide individual data sets for users that require full control over the curation of the data feeds they use.

Other Oracles Designs: Umbrella Network

Umbrella is a Layer2 oracle built on a sidechain. Umbrella solves the scalability problem in oracles by leveraging a Layer2 solution and utilizes Merkle trees for batching transactions to save on gas fees.

https://preview.redd.it/l8yfhrl0yj3a1.png?width=1254&format=png&auto=webp&s=e637870f54ae450272bc7d24847120c2c5965139
Umbrella leverages a Layer2 solution and utilizes Merkle trees for batching transactions (Source).

NEW DEVELOPMENTS AND TRENDS

Blockchain oracles have been live since 2015 – the same year that Ethereum smart contracts were introduced – and have since gone through many iterations and improvements. A few new emerging trends in oracle use have been identified both during analyzing case studies and following emerging technologies.

Privacy, ZK Proofs, and Oracles

Privacy enabling zero-knowledge proofs (ZKP) are hot topics that have emerged over the course of 2021-2022, solving inherent blockchain problems like lack of confidentiality and inability to control private data. Blockchain oracles are no exception to this trend. The industry is seeking a solution to reveal and verify the truth without disclosing private information.
For example, Chainlink is working on a ZKP-based oracle solution called DECO, a privacy-preserving oracle protocol developed at Cornell University and later acquired by Chainlink. Oracle nodes can prove facts about data sourced from trusted servers without revealing the data on-chain, while also proving the source of the data since the TLS chain of custody is maintained.
One of DECO’s applications is a verifiable credential oracle that acts as a source of truth for biometric data and allows selective data disclosure paired with digital identity.

https://preview.redd.it/00b0m3y2yj3a1.png?width=1600&format=png&auto=webp&s=868d2c0539ebf9b5338b7b155af946d30d485d8e
Oracle nodes can prove facts about data sourced from trusted servers without revealing the data on-chain.

ZK Cross Chain Messaging Through Oracle Relayers

For the average Web3 user the closest understanding of oracle is the bridge between Web2 real-world data and Web3 dApps. However, oracles can not only act as price or weather data feed providers but also can be used as a source of truth for inter-blockchain messaging itself.
A few prospective solutions are working on a ZK proof for cross-chain messaging where oracles act as a core part of the middleware to prove and verify that the data transmitted is true and can be trusted. An oracle node generates the ZK proof for the state of the smart contract so that data can be transferred across blockchains.

Latency Is Dead, Long Live Latency

The fastest available data on-chain is necessary and widely used in the DeFi world however, DEX interviews revealed that there is no actual demand for the real-time speed of pushing price feeds – it has to be fast, but it doesn’t have to be ultra-fast. There are two different approaches to data delivery speed with respect to pull oracles:

Binance Oracle uses hand-selected decentralized data providers and has made architecture improvements (such as hot servers, master-slave architecture, and geographically proximal servers) to ensure speed when delivering data on-chain.
Pyth Network proposed the solution to solve this problem and went live with a pull oracle at the end of 2021. Chainlink followed by launching a low latency pull oracle in November 2022.

It is important to keep in mind that oracle’s minimum latency is still a blockchain’s block time to finality when transactions are finalized, which will probably remain the primary limitation to data delivery speed.

Modifications to TWAP

Some protocols developed their own implementations of TWAP oracles with added features such as using moving averages to smooth abrupt price movements. Others have built custom pools as an oracle on the AMM/DEX. TWAP oracles might see increased demand in the future if markets move towards decentralized exchanges, which may be more likely after recent market volatility in November 2022.

CONCLUSION

Oracles are critical middleware infrastructure that enable myriad use cases for the blockchain. Competition amongst legacy oracle providers has pushed them to constantly innovate, add resiliency to the oracle ecosystem, and drive adoption for their services in new and better ways. Binance Oracle’s entrance into the space introduces a new player with enhanced speed and security.
While capital continues to flow to DEXs, the collapse of crypto markets in November 2022 may delay the adoption of further advances in oracle development such as verified credentials and ZK cross chain messaging. Nevertheless, oracle innovation continues to unfold, bringing ever more utility to blockchain over time.

REFERENCES

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My Black Friday Beginners Buying Guide

Hi everyone! I haven't been in the sub for a week or two, university coursework has been getting really busy, but I think I might write something for y'all today.
Before I get too ahead of myself, this guide is not meant to be the single best guide to solve all your problems or anything. If you are an enthusiast yourself, your scope of knowledge may be already beyond the scope of this guide. This guide is meant for amateurs/beginners who are just getting started/into PC building.
Also, if you have anything to add, please comment below. Same for any corrections if I have any incorrect information. I want to make this guide as comprehensive and accurate as I can, but this initial version is a little rushed.
So let's get started.

Index:

This guide will be divided into a few sections:

General Information - information about the parts in your PC, how they contribute to performance, and how to choose them.
Brand Information - information about major brands and their advantages and disadvantages (currently only CPU and GPU).
Useful Resources - Resources useful for helping you make choices in PC part picking and PC building.
Important Notes - Short section on some important notes not covered under the previous two sections.
Parts Lists - My personal current parts list recommendations at $800, $1000, $1200, $1600, $1900, and $2500.

General Information:

A PC build generally requires the following parts: GPU, CPU (and a CPU cooler, unless your CPU comes with an adequate cooler), RAM, motherboard, case (and case fans, if the case doesn't come with enough), storage, power supply.
Of these, the core performance components are the CPU and GPU, which do the bulk of the processing for your computer's various tasks (there are smaller processors just about everywhere in a computer, such as the chipset on your motherboard or the storage controller in an SSD). These components contribute the most directly to your computer's performance.
This is not to say the other components cannot affect performance, but we will discuss this further in the individual component sections.
I recommend making your decisions and considerations in this order, since (1) they contribute most to performance and (2) they are usually the most expensive components in your system and you more or less determine the price and performance class of your build from these two components alone. In most systems, the CPU and GPU combined account for between 1/2 and 2/3 of the total cost.
The exception to this is for ultra-budget or non-gaming systems, which may not have a discrete GPU at all. Some CPUs (all AMD Ryzen 7000 CPUs, Ryzen CPUs with a G at the end of the name, and Intel CPUs without an F at the end) have what is called integrated graphics, which is like a miniature graphics card built into the CPU. These are also called iGPUs, and they are much weaker than discrete (standalone) counterparts, but still provide you with a display output. Without a GPU or iGPU, you will have no display output to a monitor. If you are using the iGPU, you would plug your display cable into the motherboard, otherwise, plug the display cable into the discrete card.
GPU:
Your GPU is the main contributor to a system's gaming performance. It takes the information about what should be rendered on your screen from your CPU and turns that information into an actual frame that is rendered on your screen.
GPUs can also contribute to performance in other applications, such as professional workloads like video editing and 3D modeling/rendering, which can take advantage of OpenCL/CUDA hardware acceleration from GPUs, or AI workloads.
The VRAM of a GPU should be taken into account if you are planning to run higher resolutions, since higher texture details would require more VRAM to store, and your gaming performance would be significantly worse if the GPU had to pull textures from outside of its own VRAM, since that would be a much slower retrieval.
When buying a GPU, you really have to look at benchmarks,
Just about all modern GPUs are compatible with all modern motherboards, but there is a caveat in terms of performance with regard to PCIe generation and PCIe lane counts that I will discuss further in the motherboard section.
When buying GPUs, I'd first think about what I plan to do with the GPU, be it gaming, ray traced gaming, VR, streaming, video editing, professional workloads, or something else. I'd then look at current pricing to figure out what GPUs I can afford. Finally, I will look at benchmarks and reviews (both written and in video, both individual and comparisons) to find out which of the GPUs I can afford are worth buying, aka which GPUs I can afford performs the best in the tasks I need it to do.
Benchmarks are extremely important for GPUs since GPU specifications like core counts, clock speeds, etc. cannot be directly compared across GPUs from different companies or even across different generations from the same company (and sometimes even within the same generation). Do not get fooled by marketing numbers.
Also make sure that you are getting the correct model with the correct amount and type of VRAM. For example, the RTX 3080 12 GB and 10 GB variants differ in performance because the actual GPU chip itself is different between them, not just the memory, the RTX 3060 12 GB and 8 GB variants have significant performance differences due to memory bandwidth differences, the GTX 1650 GDDR6 and GDDR5 versions also perform differently due to GDDR6 being significantly faster, and the same goes for the GT 1030 DDR4 and GDDR5 versions (and the difference with the GT 1030 is very significant). The GTX 1060 6 GB and 3 GB variants also perform quite differently. This confusing practice is mostly limited to Nvidia, for now.
CPU:
The CPU is in a way your computer's brain. It does all the primary calculations and handles logical operations for the vast majority of tasks.
In general, a CPU's gaming performance is most closely related to the CPU's single-threaded performance. The most important contributor to a CPU's performance is the architecture (like Zen 2, Zen 3, Zen 4 from AMD or Alder Lake, Raptor Lake from Intel), and these unfortunately cannot be directly measured by any numbers. You'd have to use third-party benchmarks. Within the same architecture, clock speeds are more directly comparable (but still not completely), but you should not use clock speeds as a point of comparison between CPUs of different architectures.
CPUs with higher core counts, on the other hand, can handle running more tasks at the same time (multithreading) also helps, but it isn't quite the same thing as more physical cores). Core counts do matter for gaming, but only to an extent. Most games don't utilize many cores. Depending on your game, it may see no gain in performance after 4 cores. However, more cores are helpful because your game is not the only thing that runs on your computer.
CPUs also have cache, which is like RAM but smaller, faster, and built into your CPU itself. More cache is generally better for performance, though this is heavily application dependent (a lot of games do love more cache). Cache doesn't usually factor into CPU choices much, since oftentimes CPUs within the same line will share similar cache specifications, there are just a few outliers like the Ryzen 5 5500 (which is deceptively poorer performing than the 5600 due to having half the L3 cache), and the 5800X3D (which is a slower 5800X that has far more L3 cache and thus paradoxically performs better than the 5800X in many games as a result).
When buying CPUs for gaming, I recommend only paying attention to newer generations (at the moment, the only CPUs worth considering for gaming are the current generation Intel 13th gen and Ryzen 7000 series, as well as the last generation Intel 12th gen and Ryzen 5000 series). These newer generations have newer architectures that allow for higher single-core performance, which is important for gaming, plus they support the latest features and technologies. From there, I'd look to maximize performance by looking at gaming benchmarks of CPUs within my budget, and then depending on my core count needs, buy whatever is the CPU with the highest reasonable core count and also cost efficient for that core count.
When buying CPUs for non-gaming tasks, I'd give less consideration to the generation of the chip, but rather directly research the specific needs of the resource intensive software that I want to run, and find CPUs that excel in these areas, be it single core performance, multi core performance, PCIe lane counts/generation, or something else.
Factors like cooling requirements, motherboard costs and feature sets, and future upgradability of the socket that the CPU requires can also be concerns as well.
RAM:
RAM holds the data for all the software that is currently running on your computer. Generally, nowadays, 16 GB is recommended, 32 if you absolutely love multitasking, and anything higher than that is unnecessary unless you have a specific use case in which case you'd already know you need that much.
Other relevant metrics include the speed of the memory (which affects bandwidth) and the latency of the memory (which affects responsiveness).
RAM speeds are generally advertised as MHz, which is not accurate, DDR4 3200 MHz is actually 1600 MHz, but since they transmit data both on the rising and falling edge of a clock cycle, 1600 MHz = 3200 MT/s (megatransfers per second), which they advertise as MHz for reasons related to historical convention. This is a somewhat important distinction.
Memory frequency is most important for AMD CPU's, which prefer to have their CPU's infinity fabric interconnect run at 1:1 speeds with the memory, and the sweet spot for that is 1800 MHz for Zen 3 and below which run DDR4, and 3000 MHz for Zen 4 which runs DDR5 (these correspond to DDR4 3600 and DDR5 6000). For Intel CPUs, the frequency mainly matters due to how it affects latency.
Memory latency on the other hand is most relevant for gaming performance, and generally the lower the better. Memory latency is quite complicated, but the most important metric is the first-word latency, which can be calculated from the CAS latency (the CL number you see in the specs), which is in turn the first latency number in a memory kit's timings. This is how many clock cycles it takes for the memory to retrieve a piece of information. For example, DDR4 3200 with 16-18-18-36 timings would be DDR4 3200 CL16 and have a frequency of 1600 MHz, and 1600 MHz = 1600000000 cycles per second, 16 cycles of 1600000000 cycles per second is 10 ns of first word latency.
You should generally not mix-and-match memory with different specifications (they will likely run at the specifications of the lowest spec stick in the configuration), and if possible, you should avoid running memory from different companies as well. If you plan on upgrading memory later on, it is recommended to get the exact same kit you got before (which means that when buying, if you want to consider future upgrades, the popularity of a kit which correlates with the ease of finding the same kit later on can be an important consideration). However, if you do have to mix and match, it isn't the end of the world, and modern memory should compensate just fine (though you may lose performance).
Memory doesn't affect performance a whole lot. On Intel 12th gen which can run with both DDR4 and DDR5, DDR4 3200 CL16 performs about 2-3% worse than DDR5 5600 CL36 in gaming, and something like DDR5 6400 CL32 is only about 1-2% faster on top of that. Going for extremely fast memory is generally only a good idea for systems that are already extremely high budget, at which point you are only adding a small percentage to your budget to squeeze out the last bit of performance.
In the modern day and age, I'd strongly recommend against going for less than 16 GB, unless you are on an extremely tight budget. 16 GB is more or less the minimum for a good experience in modern gaming and heavy desktop use. There's also no reason to go for more than 32 GB unless you have some specific need for it, say a 3D modelling/rendering software that requires more than 32 GB of memory.
Motherboard:
The motherboard is basically the part of your computer that connects everything else together. Your CPU, GPU, RAM, storage, etc. all talk to each other through your motherboard.
Motherboards don't affect performance directly but can affect performance indirectly in several ways:

Since the motherboard is responsible for supplying power to your CPU, if the motherboard has poor VRMs, it can limit the CPU's performance by not supplying adequate power. The number of VRM stages is an indicator of how good the VRMs are, but one should look at specific reviews to know better information.
The motherboard can also limit certain features, like CPU overclocking, which is limited to Z series motherboards on Intel, or GPU overclocking, and you can find the specific specifications for the memory speeds specific motherboards support in the specifications page of specific motherboards.
Motherboards have memory speed limits found in their specifications page, make sure your RAM kit will be able to work at full speed with the motherboard. This speed limit usually also differs depending on the rank and dimm count per channel of your kit (1DPC 2R would be one dimm - aka stick - of memory per channel, with each dimm being dual-rank, for example).
They can also limit bandwidths, particularly PCIe generation, which is relevant for GPUs and fast storage devices, though this shouldn't be a concern in most cases (any GPU that uses 16 lanes will run fine on any PCIe gen 3 or higher board, but lower end AMD 6000 series GPUs like the 6600 use 8 or less lanes and may lose a few percentage points of performance if they are not running on a gen 4 or higher system).

Motherboards are also the biggest point of potential incompatibility. The main one is obviously the CPU socket. You need a motherboard that uses the same socket as your CPU (however, even when the physical socket is compatible, the board may be incompatible due to having a BIOS version too old to recognize the CPU, in which case you either need an older and compatible CPU to update the BIOS, or a motherboard with BIOS flashback). They are also only compatible with one generation of memory, so a DDR4 board cannot run DDR5 memory and vice versa.
When choosing a motherboard, you will also have to take into account other features, such as IO (like USB ports), networking (LAN speeds and Wifi/Bluetooth support), storage support, and much much more. If you do need Wifi and the board you want doesn't have Wifi, you can get a PCIe wifi card like this one or if your motherboard has an M.2 E key slot, an M.2 wifi card like this one.
Motherboards come in a variety of form factors, most commonly ATX, mATX, and mITX (E-ATX also exists but is not standardized). Of these, ATX is the largest, mITX is smallest. mITX boards are meant for small form factor builds and may have significant limitations in upgradability.
Case:
Your case holds all the components. They serve the important functions of protecting your components from physical hazards and dust, and also guide your airflow for cooling (though for airflow purposes, open-air will always be superior than any case). In terms of protecting your components, generally the simple enclosure of the case is fine for physical hazards, though you'd want a case with good fan filters (and hopefully easily-removable filters for cleaning) to prevent dust buildup in your case.
Depending on their size, cases can be compatible with different motherboard form factors (the ATX, mATX, and mITX form factors I mentioned above). Cases that are compatible with larger form factors will be compatible with smaller ones.
Generally, you want a case that is compatible with all your parts and has good airflow (with good dust management), good dust filtration/management (including dust filters that are easy to remove and clean), good build quality, the front IO you need, and enough room for cable management (personally, this is the order of priorities I consider). If the case comes with fans, that can be a nice bonus as you wouldn't have to buy fans yourself, though some case fans may have limitations you aren't aware of such as lack of speed control or LED control.
I'd recommend reading and especially watching reviews on cases when buying. Don't overspend on a case, since it contributes the least directly to performance. Just find a decent quality, decent airflow option that you find aesthetically pleasing.
Case Fans:
Some cases don't come with fans, so you'd have to look for your own. Case fans come in a variety of sizes, mainly 80 mm, 92 mm, 120 mm, 140 mm, and 200 mm. Of these, 120 and 140 are the most common.
Fans can also come with RGB or ARGB. RGB usually uses a 4 pin, 12 V cable, while ARGB (addressable RGB, where each individual RGB LED on the fan is addressable and therefore can be individually customized/controlled) usually uses a 3 pin, 5 V cable. They may seem physically compatible but you should never plug one cable into a header meant for another. Some fans may use proprietary RGB/ARGB connectors, such as many of Corsair's fans, and may need a proprietary controller to connect with your motherboard. Some fans have single-colour LEDs that receive power through the same power that powers the motor, and these can be annoying as the LEDs cannot be turned off without turning off the fan, and you generally need your fans on if you don't want your computer to overheat.
The fans themselves may be powered by several different types of cables, including: molex, which is a DC (direct current) connector from your PSU that has no speed control since it does not communicate with the motherboard; 2, 3, and 4 pin headers, which are speed controllable through voltage regulation for 2 and 3 pins (the third pin on the 3 pin fans allows the motherboard to detect their speed) or through pulse width modulation (PWM, which allows for much better control than voltage regulation) for the 4 pins; and proprietary connections. Standard 2, 3, and 4 pin fans can all be plugged into the same 4 pin PWM connectors on motherboards.
Fans can have several specifications, and the most important ones are noise (measured in dB), airflow (measured in CFM - cubic feet per minute), and static pressure (measured in mm H20 - equivalent depth of water pressure). Noise is self explanatory, you wouldn't want it to be too loud, and keep in mind dB is a logarithmic scale. Higher airflow fans push more air through the case, which is very important since the more air movement, the more available cool air for cooling. High static pressure is only really necessary for water-cooled builds, where the need to push air through the tight gaps in a radiator is a concern.
Generally, you want to have a front to back airflow configuration, though the top can be extra exhaust if necessary, and the bottom can be extra intake in some cases. In most cases (SFF aka small form factor builds excluded), you would want to have more intake than exhaust to create positive (higher inside than outside) static pressure in the case to prevent dust from being sucked into the case through the parts of the case that have no dust filter.
Storage:
Storage is pretty self-explanatory, it's just where all your files go.
Storage does not directly affect performance in most areas, but faster storage can facilitate faster startup/loading times for things like your OS, various software, and games. However, do keep in mind that this is not a direct correlation since oftentimes there are other bottlenecks to this time.
SSDs, or solid state drives, are purely electronic with no moving parts and much faster than HDDs, hard disk drives, which have moving parts. HDDs are also sensitive to things like vibrations and movement, especially while operating, and can break easily from rough handling.
Storage drives come in several form factors, including 3.5" and 2.5", and M.2 drives, which generally are installed onto your motherboard. M.2 drives are usually 22 mm wide and come in a variety of lengths, but most commonly 80 mm long and thus making the most common M.2 form factor M.2 2280.
2.5" and 3.5" drives generally connect to your motherboard using SATA cables and communicate via the SATA interface. M.2 drives can also be SATA though nowadays most use the more modern NVMe interface. SATA is the slower interface, though HDDs are so slow that they rarely can even saturate the bandwidth of SATA. NVMe uses PCIe lanes from your CPU, and can be PCIe gen 3, gen 4, or even gen 5 (though there are not really any commercially available gen 5 drives yet). Each PCIe generation is a doubling of bandwidth, though in general, even the slowest NVMe PCIe gen 3 drives will perform fast enough for day to day use, and faster speeds wouldn't be noticeable in most cases. Faster drives are generally purchased for specific use cases, or for future proofing, or because the faster drives generally have higher endurance/warranty.
Do note that the generation of PCIe that a drive uses is not the sole indicator of performance. The hardware on the SSD may not saturate the bandwidth of that PCIe generation. For example, PCIe gen 4 tops out at around 7500 MB/s of theoretical performance, but the Kingston NV2, a gen 4 drive, only hits around half of that performance due to having a slower NVMe controller, and thus performs more like a top end gen 3 drive (which is still good, considering the NV2 is cheaper than top end gen 3 drives).
SSDs can be SLC, MLC, TLC, or QLC. Nowadays, TLC is most common, and should be chosen when possible. QLC drives often have lower endurance or sustained performance. DRAM-less versus DRAM SSDs don't matter as much nowadays due to the existence of HMB. QLC drives also tend to slow down more, especially in terms of write speeds, as it fills up since the SLC write cache is smaller compared to TLC and MLC drives. However, I wouldn't recommend letting an SSD fill up to the brim anyway, no matter what kind of SSD it is.
Generally, fast storage is not necessary for most of your storage. For current pricing, if you need more than 2 TB of storage, it is generally wise to get an SSD for a boot drive that will store your OS, software, games, and most frequently accessed files, and an HDD for everything else. A DAS or NAS may also be considered. For 2 TB or below, I'd recommend just getting all SSD if possible.
PSU:
Your power supply converts the power from the wall into power that your computer's sensitive components can actually use. The most important metric is obviously wattage, since a power supply without enough wattage will impact the ability of your parts to run to their full potential.
Other considerations include the efficiency (the 80+ rating) of the PSU, which indicate how much loss there is in the conversions between power from your wall and power to your components. Nowadays, anything that is 80+ bronze or above is pretty efficient. Do keep in mind that a PSU's max efficiency is generally at 50% capacity, so an 80+ gold 1000 W unit supplying 500 W will be more efficient than an 80+ Platinum 650 W unit supplying that same 500 W.
A very important consideration is also the quality of the PSU and it's protections. I definitely recommend reading reviews for PSUs to find out how reliable the unit is, since a PSU failure can often be the most expensive failure in any system due to them often taking other parts with them when they fail. Buying from a reputable company that provides a lengthy warranty is recommended as well.
PSUs can also be modular, semi modular, or non-modular. I do recommend modular or semi-modular PSUs to avoid a rat's nest of cables at the bottom of your case, but it isn't a completely necessary thing.
For gaming rigs, I'd recommend looking up the minimum recommended PSU specifications for your GPU as a starting point for your consideration, and adding 100 W to that minimum if your CPU is powerful. You can even go a bit overkill on your PSU for future-proofing. The wattage estimated by PCPartPicker for your parts list + another 200 W is also a pretty safe bet.
CPU Cooler:
CPU coolers are another one of those components that don't affect performance directly, but can affect performance indirectly. An inadequate cooler will cause your CPU to not boost to the maximum clock speeds, or even thermal throttle and lose significant performance.
Lower end CPUs can come with coolers in the box, and AMD's Wraith coolers and Intel 12th gen included coolers will be adequate for the CPUs they come with, though they will be loud under load.
There are air coolers, among which are lower-performance lower-profile downdraft coolers (like the stock coolers mentioned above), or higher performance tower coolers, which use heat pipes to transfer the heat away to a fin stack through which air is blown. There are also liquid coolers, and among them AIOs (all-in-ones, which are already assembled for you) and custom loops, which must be custom-built (if you are experienced enough to be building a PC with a custom loop, you shouldn't need this guide anyway, so I won't provide a guide on that - I have no experience with custom loops myself).
Generally, with CPU coolers, the bigger the fan and the more heat pipes the better. With AIOs, the bigger the better (280 is quite a bit closer to 360 than 240. Large dual tower coolers can be competitive in performance with large AIOs.
Air coolers have the advantage of easier installation and better longevity due to having fewer moving/critical parts (and even if a fan fails, it can usually be replaced). AIO coolers can be quieter (if the pump isn't loud, and 360mm/420mm AIOs will offer the most extreme cooling performance. AIO coolers are also safer to transport in a case, since they are more firmly attached and have less protrusion that may swing around from inertia, whereas in shipping, air coolers can become damaged or even detached due to their comparatively flimsier mounting and much higher profile.
You definitely should check for case compatibility, as some smaller cases may not be able to accommodate the biggest tower coolers, and many cases may not be able to accommodate the large radiators of large liquid coolers. Generally, AIO coolers should be installed as top exhaust, and should be at minimum 240mm (any smaller isn't worth). Ask for advice in this sub if you aren't sure about anything.
Buying an overkill CPU cooler can be a good idea if you really want quiet performance. I strongly recommend reading/watching reviews, and avoiding cheap AIOs that don't have enough reviews to verify their quality, since a liquid leak in your system can be catastrophic.

Brand differences:

AMD vs Intel CPUs:
AMD has two sockets that are relevant right now, AM4 and AM5.
AM4 has reached end of life and there will likely not be any new AM4 CPUs, but they still represent good value, especially for lower end builds, considering they are DDR4 only. Do keep in mind for some of the newer, often better value AM4 CPUs like the 5600, 5700X, and 5800X3D, many AM4 motherboards may need BIOS updates in order to run them (see a list of such boards here). Also, with AM4, you don't really have to go for X570, since B550 contains all the features that the majority of consumers will need.
AM5 is newer, and has only one generation of CPUs, which don't provide particularly great value due to their expensive motherboard prices, but can be a good consideration for future-proofing purposes. For AM5, do keep in mind that PCIe gen 5 for the GPU (for future proofing, since it will be a few generations before PCIe gen 5 matters for GPUs) is only a thing for B650E and X670E boards.
Intel's 12th/13th gen CPUs are quite competitive in mid to high end in pricing, though overclocking is limited to Z series boards and K series CPUs, unlike AMD which has no such limitation (though even without overclocking the K series CPUs perform very well). They can be DDR4 or DDR5, which is nice because you can go for performance or you can save money. They have PCIe gen 5 support for the GPU for future proofing, though only gen 4 for storage (but PCIe gen 5 storage is also a thing of the future anyway). The major downside is that beyond 13th gen, the current LGA1700 socket is almost certainly obsolete and there will be no future upgrade path.
Intel also has P+E cores with their hybrid architecture in their K series chips, which gives them great mult-threaded performance.
AMD vs Nvidia GPUs:
AMD right now has better value in gaming with their GPUs. Compared to Nvidia, they do suffer larger performance losses if you turn on ray tracing, but their value is so good that at several price points (at time of writing), even in ray tracing AMD remains competitive on a performance-per-dollar level. However, in traditional rendering (as in gaming without ray tracing), also known as rasterization, AMD has a significant advantage.
Nvidia for their part have their advantage in other features, like DLSS (which is an advantage for them since AMD's FSR is usable on both AMD and Nvidia GPUs while DLSS is Nvidia only), CUDA acceleration (which is useful for certain professional workloads, and is better than the OpenCL acceleration available on AMD GPUs), Nvenc encoder (which is great for streaming since it offers better video quality at the same bitrate compared to AMD's encoder, though AMD is catching up; even for recording it can be nice to save on storage space usage). Nvidia also has somewhat better scaling to higher resolutions, with their performance not dropping slightly less when you increase resolution past 1080p.

Good resources:

General resources:

This subreddit! Seriously, this subreddit is one of the best resources you can have, make posts using the template and ask for PC parts recommendations that are specific to your needs and preferences. There's many of us here willing to help.
The bapcsalescanada subreddit, where you can look out for deals. Their bot (though a bit unreliable) can alert you of deals on certain types products as well.
The CanadianHardwareSwap subreddit, where you can find plenty of used hardware from other Redditors looking to sell/trade, or where you can sell your own old and unused parts. I do recommend a careful reading of their rules and messaging their mods any questions you may have before interacting there, since they moderate with a tight grip to reduce the likelihood of scammers. Facebook Marketplace and eBay can also be good places to look for second hand parts, and eBay has better buyer protection, but does require taxes on top of the listed cost, while direct trading through a subreddit or Facebook Marketplace does not.
PCPartPicker, a website that aggregates pricing information from a variety of retailers. By clicking the builder on the top left of the page, you can easily compile and share parts lists. To share parts lists like I will be doing in this guide with the grids/tables, near the top of your page of the parts list you made, you should first select Markdown Mode in reddit for the comment/post you are making, and then you can select the reddit icon next to "Markup:" and copy and paste that into Reddit. The site will also do a lot of compatibility checking for you, which is very nice.
Bottleneck Calculator, a website that calculates the bottleneck of your system for gaming with your CPU, GPU, and resolution. This is also just a rough guide, you may have workloads/use cases that are exceptions and may not experience the same bottlenecking behaviour, and some less popular CPUs/GPUs may not have a sufficiently well-known performance profile for their estimates to be accurate.
Fix or Flop, a PC repair video playlist by Greg Salazar, a fun watch and a good resource for learning basic troubleshooting steps, particularly for systems that do not boot.
LTT's PC Build Guide, a good video to watch with a lot of information, though this video does overlap a lot in information with this post. There are definitely things in that video that I didn't cover here, and vice versa, so if you have time, it can be a good idea to watch this video.

Various tier lists:
These tier lists are aggregates of information from third-party reviewers, not related to the creators of the tier list. They are rough guides, and often only measure a specific aspect of a product category's performance or quality, but can be good resources nonetheless.

PSU Cultists List, a good resource for the tier lists of power supplies based on their quality and protections. I'd recommend units that are C tier or higher unit.
AM4 motherboard VRM tier list, a good resource for finding out whether or not a motherboard's VRMs are sufficient for running your CPU.
SSD tier list, a general tier list for storage devices based on raw performance (which correlates with but is not a direct measure of real world performance).

Benchmark hierarchies:
These are hierarchies of performance based on benchmarks from the site themselves (not an aggregate, unlike the tier lists). The ones listed below are the most comprehensive, though there are others you may look for as well. These are still just a rough guide

GPU Benchmark Hierarchy (based on rasterization gaming performance, no ray tracing to my knowledge).
CPU Benchmark Hierarchy (in several metrics) and alternative (based on gaming performance).

Misc/specific resources:

Memory speed scaling benchmarks for alder lake.

Note: AVOID Userbenchmark, which I will not even link because it is so bad. It would be a great site, but the owner is terribly biased against AMD, to the point of altering their benchmarks to favor other companies. You may be able to use this site for performance comparisons between Intel CPUs or between Nvidia GPUs, but I recommend staying away.

Important Notes:

There is no shame in overpaying for looks. You are the best judge of what is worth it for you and what isn't.
If you are on a budget, some things can always be upgraded later on, like a better CPU cooler (if the CPU comes with an adequate one), like more storage, or more memory.
ASRock's MIR (and the MIR of a few other companies, but mainly ASRock) on Newegg require filing the MIR with the physical product's serial number within 10 days of your invoice, which you get on your day of order. However, shipping can take up to 10 days especially if you are in western Canada, in which case you are screwed. The process to remedy this is complicated and convoluted, so I generally don't take their MIR prices into account. I've personally had problems with getting the MIR paid out. Additionally, and this is just a small concern, but you still have to pay tax on the part that gets rebated. However, many ASRock boards are still good value even without the MIR, so I would not ignore the company as a whole.
I personally recommend avoiding Vuugo as a retailer. They have had deceptive practices such as charging exorbitant shipping that are not included in prices, showing products as in stock when in fact they are backorders, and poor customer service. There is a reason they have 2.4 stars in their google reviews. Not saying you can't buy from them or that it won't work out, they are still a legitimate retailer and not an outright scam, but I'd definitely put them strongly within the "use at your own risk" category.
I don't recommend buying an OS for the full price. There are many third party sites that can sell Windows keys at much lower prices. As per the subreddit and website rules, I'm not allowed to post links to them, but they exist. Yo should definitely thoroughly research them before buying, however, and I suggest looking at Trustpilot and not trusting any site without a significant number of reviews.
When buying used, eBay has quite good buyer's protection, but you often have to pay for shipping and taxes (for eBay, and online shopping in general, extensions like Fakespot might be a good idea to help you analyze listings and avoid clear scams - but do keep in mind that you still need to exercise your own caution and judgement because the extension can be wrong). Facebook Marketplace is a good option for in-person trading, and I recommend you always ask the seller to demonstrate that the thing you are buying is working before you buy. CanadianHardwareSwap is another good place to get used hardware, read their subreddit rules carefully and message their mods if you have any questions/issues.
Remember to plug your display cables into your GPU, not your motherboard, unless you are using integrated graphics and don't have a discrete card.
Remember to take the plastic peel off of your CPU cooler if it has one, or if it comes with thermal paste pre-applied, don't scratch it.

Parts Lists:

In the comments because of Reddit's character limit.

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Need help with Crash

I didn't create the modpack, it's just the 1.18.2 version of BMC1, and I added Hephaestus (Fabric Tinker's Construct) and Tech Reborn. It launches without Hephaestus, so that mod is the problem, but I don't know how to fix it. I want to use the mod.

---- Minecraft Crash Report ---- // I let you down. Sorry :( Time: 12/6/22, 4:16 PM Description: Initializing game java.lang.RuntimeException: Could not execute entrypoint stage 'main' due to errors, provided by 'mantle'! at net.fabricmc.loader.impl.entrypoint.EntrypointUtils.lambda$invoke0$0(EntrypointUtils.java:51) at net.fabricmc.loader.impl.util.ExceptionUtil.gatherExceptions(ExceptionUtil.java:33) at net.fabricmc.loader.impl.entrypoint.EntrypointUtils.invoke0(EntrypointUtils.java:49) at net.fabricmc.loader.impl.entrypoint.EntrypointUtils.invoke(EntrypointUtils.java:35) at net.fabricmc.loader.impl.game.minecraft.Hooks.startClient(Hooks.java:52) at net.minecraft.class_310.(class_310.java:452) at net.minecraft.client.main.Main.main(Main.java:197) at net.fabricmc.loader.impl.game.minecraft.MinecraftGameProvider.launch(MinecraftGameProvider.java:460) at net.fabricmc.loader.impl.launch.knot.Knot.launch(Knot.java:74) at net.fabricmc.loader.impl.launch.knot.KnotClient.main(KnotClient.java:23) Suppressed: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: io/github/fabricators_of_create/porting_lib/mixin/common/accessoDamageSourceAccessor at slimeknights.tconstruct.common.config.Config.(Config.java:376) at slimeknights.tconstruct.TConstruct.onInitialize(TConstruct.java:69) at net.fabricmc.loader.impl.entrypoint.EntrypointUtils.invoke0(EntrypointUtils.java:47) ... 7 more Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: io.github.fabricators_of_create.porting_lib.mixin.common.accessor.DamageSourceAccessor at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader.loadClass(BuiltinClassLoader.java:641) at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:520) at net.fabricmc.loader.impl.launch.knot.KnotClassDelegate.loadClass(KnotClassDelegate.java:226) at net.fabricmc.loader.impl.launch.knot.KnotClassLoader.loadClass(KnotClassLoader.java:145) at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:520) ... 10 more Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: io/github/tropheusj/serialization_hooks/ingredient/IngredientDeserializer at java.base/java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method) at java.base/java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:467) at net.fabricmc.loader.impl.util.DefaultLanguageAdapter.create(DefaultLanguageAdapter.java:50) at net.fabricmc.loader.impl.entrypoint.EntrypointStorage$NewEntry.getOrCreate(EntrypointStorage.java:117) at net.fabricmc.loader.impl.entrypoint.EntrypointContainerImpl.getEntrypoint(EntrypointContainerImpl.java:53) at net.fabricmc.loader.impl.entrypoint.EntrypointUtils.invoke0(EntrypointUtils.java:47) ... 7 more Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: io.github.tropheusj.serialization_hooks.ingredient.IngredientDeserializer at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader.loadClass(BuiltinClassLoader.java:641) at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:520) at net.fabricmc.loader.impl.launch.knot.KnotClassDelegate.loadClass(KnotClassDelegate.java:226) at net.fabricmc.loader.impl.launch.knot.KnotClassLoader.loadClass(KnotClassLoader.java:145) at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:520) ... 13 more A detailed walkthrough of the error, its code path and all known details is as follows: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Head -- Thread: Render thread Stacktrace: at net.fabricmc.loader.impl.entrypoint.EntrypointUtils.lambda$invoke0$0(EntrypointUtils.java:51) at net.fabricmc.loader.impl.util.ExceptionUtil.gatherExceptions(ExceptionUtil.java:33) at net.fabricmc.loader.impl.entrypoint.EntrypointUtils.invoke0(EntrypointUtils.java:49) at net.fabricmc.loader.impl.entrypoint.EntrypointUtils.invoke(EntrypointUtils.java:35) at net.fabricmc.loader.impl.game.minecraft.Hooks.startClient(Hooks.java:52) at net.minecraft.class_310.(class_310.java:452) -- Initialization -- Details: Modules: ADVAPI32.dll:Advanced Windows 32 Base API:10.0.19041.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation COMCTL32.dll:User Experience Controls Library:6.10 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation CRYPT32.dll:Crypto API32:10.0.19041.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation CRYPTBASE.dll:Base cryptographic API DLL:10.0.19041.546 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation CRYPTSP.dll:Cryptographic Service Provider API:10.0.19041.546 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation DBGHELP.DLL:Windows Image Helper:10.0.19041.867 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation DNSAPI.dll:DNS Client API DLL:10.0.19041.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation GDI32.dll:GDI Client DLL:10.0.19041.2130 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation IMM32.DLL:Multi-User Windows IMM32 API Client DLL:10.0.19041.2193 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation IPHLPAPI.DLL:IP Helper API:10.0.19041.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation KERNEL32.DLL:Windows NT BASE API Client DLL:10.0.19041.1741 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation KERNELBASE.dll:Windows NT BASE API Client DLL:10.0.19041.1741 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation MpOav.dll:IOfficeAntiVirus Module:4.18.2210.6 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation NLAapi.dll:Network Location Awareness 2:10.0.19041.2193 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation NSI.dll:NSI User-mode interface DLL:10.0.19041.610 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation NTASN1.dll:Microsoft ASN.1 API:10.0.19041.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation Ole32.dll:Microsoft OLE for Windows:10.0.19041.1320 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation OleAut32.dll:OLEAUT32.DLL:10.0.19041.985 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation PSAPI.DLL:Process Status Helper:10.0.19041.546 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation Pdh.dll:Windows Performance Data Helper DLL:10.0.19041.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation RPCRT4.dll:Remote Procedure Call Runtime:10.0.19041.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation SHCORE.dll:SHCORE:10.0.19041.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation SHELL32.dll:Windows Shell Common Dll:10.0.19041.964 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation USER32.dll:Multi-User Windows USER API Client DLL:10.0.19041.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation USERENV.dll:Userenv:10.0.19041.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation VCRUNTIME140.dll:Microsoft® C Runtime Library:14.29.30133.0 built by: vcwrkspc:Microsoft Corporation VERSION.dll:Version Checking and File Installation Libraries:10.0.19041.546 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation WINHTTP.dll:Windows HTTP Services:10.0.19041.2075 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation WINMM.dll:MCI API DLL:10.0.19041.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation WS2_32.dll:Windows Socket 2.0 32-Bit DLL:10.0.19041.1081 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation WSOCK32.dll:Windows Socket 32-Bit DLL:10.0.19041.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation Wldp.dll:Windows Lockdown Policy:10.0.19041.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation amsi.dll:Anti-Malware Scan Interface:10.0.19041.2075 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation apphelp.dll:Application Compatibility Client Library:10.0.19041.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation awt.dll:OpenJDK Platform binary:17.0.1.0:Microsoft bcrypt.dll:Windows Cryptographic Primitives Library:10.0.19041.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation bcryptPrimitives.dll:Windows Cryptographic Primitives Library:10.0.19041.1415 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation clbcatq.dll:COM+ Configuration Catalog:2001.12.10941.16384 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation combase.dll:Microsoft COM for Windows:10.0.19041.1320 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation dbgcore.DLL:Windows Core Debugging Helpers:10.0.19041.789 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation dhcpcsvc.DLL:DHCP Client Service:10.0.19041.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation dhcpcsvc6.DLL:DHCPv6 Client:10.0.19041.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation fwpuclnt.dll:FWP/IPsec User-Mode API:10.0.19041.1503 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation gdi32full.dll:GDI Client DLL:10.0.19041.2130 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation glfw.dll java.dll:OpenJDK Platform binary:17.0.1.0:Microsoft javaw.exe:OpenJDK Platform binary:17.0.1.0:Microsoft jimage.dll:OpenJDK Platform binary:17.0.1.0:Microsoft jli.dll:OpenJDK Platform binary:17.0.1.0:Microsoft jna9615989215793338263.dll:JNA native library:6.1.2:Java(TM) Native Access (JNA) jvm.dll:OpenJDK 64-Bit server VM:17.0.1.0:Microsoft kernel.appcore.dll:AppModel API Host:10.0.19041.546 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation lwjgl.dll management.dll:OpenJDK Platform binary:17.0.1.0:Microsoft management_ext.dll:OpenJDK Platform binary:17.0.1.0:Microsoft msvcp140.dll:Microsoft® C Runtime Library:14.29.30133.0 built by: vcwrkspc:Microsoft Corporation msvcp_win.dll:Microsoft® C Runtime Library:10.0.19041.789 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation msvcrt.dll:Windows NT CRT DLL:7.0.19041.546 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation mswsock.dll:Microsoft Windows Sockets 2.0 Service Provider:10.0.19041.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation napinsp.dll:E-mail Naming Shim Provider:10.0.19041.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation ncrypt.dll:Windows NCrypt Router:10.0.19041.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation net.dll:OpenJDK Platform binary:17.0.1.0:Microsoft nio.dll:OpenJDK Platform binary:17.0.1.0:Microsoft ntdll.dll:NT Layer DLL:10.0.19041.1741 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation perfos.dll:Windows System Performance Objects DLL:10.0.19041.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation pnrpnsp.dll:PNRP Name Space Provider:10.0.19041.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation profapi.dll:User Profile Basic API:10.0.19041.844 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation rasadhlp.dll:Remote Access AutoDial Helper:10.0.19041.546 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation rsaenh.dll:Microsoft Enhanced Cryptographic Provider:10.0.19041.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation sechost.dll:Host for SCM/SDDL/LSA Lookup APIs:10.0.19041.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation shlwapi.dll:Shell Light-weight Utility Library:10.0.19041.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation sunmscapi.dll:OpenJDK Platform binary:17.0.1.0:Microsoft svml.dll:OpenJDK Platform binary:17.0.1.0:Microsoft ucrtbase.dll:Microsoft® C Runtime Library:10.0.19041.789 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation vcruntime140_1.dll:Microsoft® C Runtime Library:14.29.30133.0 built by: vcwrkspc:Microsoft Corporation verify.dll:OpenJDK Platform binary:17.0.1.0:Microsoft win32u.dll:Win32u:10.0.19041.2251 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation windows.storage.dll:Microsoft WinRT Storage API:10.0.19041.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation winrnr.dll:LDAP RnR Provider DLL:10.0.19041.546 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation wshbth.dll:Windows Sockets Helper DLL:10.0.19041.546 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation wshunix.dll:AF_UNIX Winsock2 Helper DLL:10.0.19041.1 (WinBuild.160101.0800):Microsoft Corporation zip.dll:OpenJDK Platform binary:17.0.1.0:Microsoft Stacktrace: at net.minecraft.client.main.Main.main(Main.java:197) at net.fabricmc.loader.impl.game.minecraft.MinecraftGameProvider.launch(MinecraftGameProvider.java:460) at net.fabricmc.loader.impl.launch.knot.Knot.launch(Knot.java:74) at net.fabricmc.loader.impl.launch.knot.KnotClient.main(KnotClient.java:23) -- System Details -- Details: Minecraft Version: 1.18.2 Minecraft Version ID: 1.18.2 Operating System: Windows 10 (amd64) version 10.0 Java Version: 17.0.1, Microsoft Java VM Version: OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (mixed mode), Microsoft Memory: 373468160 bytes (356 MiB) / 1019215872 bytes (972 MiB) up to 4294967296 bytes (4096 MiB) CPUs: 16 Processor Vendor: AuthenticAMD Processor Name: AMD Ryzen 7 1700 Eight-Core Processor Identifier: AuthenticAMD Family 23 Model 1 Stepping 1 Microarchitecture: unknown Frequency (GHz): 3.64 Number of physical packages: 1 Number of physical CPUs: 8 Number of logical CPUs: 16 Graphics card #0 name: NVIDIA GeForce GTX 750 Ti Graphics card #0 vendor: NVIDIA (0x10de) Graphics card #0 VRAM (MB): 2048.00 Graphics card #0 deviceId: 0x1380 Graphics card #0 versionInfo: DriverVersion=31.0.15.2737 Memory slot #0 capacity (MB): 8192.00 Memory slot #0 clockSpeed (GHz): 2.13 Memory slot #0 type: DDR4 Memory slot #1 capacity (MB): 8192.00 Memory slot #1 clockSpeed (GHz): 2.13 Memory slot #1 type: DDR4 Virtual memory max (MB): 20664.17 Virtual memory used (MB): 11893.23 Swap memory total (MB): 4352.00 Swap memory used (MB): 178.05 JVM Flags: 4 total; -XX:HeapDumpPath=MojangTricksIntelDriversForPerformance_javaw.exe_minecraft.exe.heapdump -Xss1M -Xmx4096m -Xms256m Fabric Mods: additionaladditions: Additional Additions 4.0.4 additionalbars: Additional Bars 3.0.0 additionalstructures: Additional Structures 3.0.3 adorn: Adorn 3.5.0+1.18.2 advancements-enlarger: Advancements Enlarger 0.2.4 advdebug: Advancements Debug 2.3.0 adventurez: AdventureZ 1.4.10 aqupdcaracal: Caracal mob 1.18.2-1.3.8 aqupdgrizzly: Grizzly Bear mob 1.18-1.3 architects_palette: Architect's Palette Fabric 2.0 architectury: Architectury 4.4.68 attributefix: AttributeFix 14.0.2 autoconfig1u: Auto Config v1 Updated 3.4.0 auudio: Auudio 1.0.3 axolotlitemfix: Axolotl Item Fix 1.1.3 badpackets: Bad Packets 0.1.2 balm-fabric: Balm 3.0.0+0 basicshields: Basic Shields [Fabric] 1.3.1-1.18.2 crowdin-translate: CrowdinTranslate 1.4+1.18.2 bcc: BetterCompatibilityChecker fabric-1.0.5 bclib: BCLib 1.4.7 betterdungeons: YUNG's Better Dungeons 1.18.2-Fabric-2.1.0 betterend: Better End 1.1.1 betterf3: BetterF3 1.2.5 bettermineshafts: YUNG's Better Mineshafts 1.18.2-Fabric-2.1.3 betternether: Better Nether 6.1.2 betterstrongholds: YUNG's Better Strongholds 1.18.2-Fabric-2.1.1 betterthirdperson: Better Third Person 1.7.3 bhmenu: BHMenu-Fabric 1.17.1-1.18.2-1.3 biomeinfo: BiomeInfo 1.18.2-10 biomemakeover: Biome Makeover 1.18.2-1.4.24 blockus: Blockus 2.4.7+1.18.2 terraform-wood-api-v1: Terraform Wood API (v1) 3.0.0 blur: Blur (Fabric) 2.4.1 boatcontainer: BoatContainer 1.0.4 bookshelf: Bookshelf 13.0.13 bosses_of_mass_destruction: Bosses of Mass Destruction (Beta) 1.3.7-1.18.2 maelstrom_library: Maelstrom Library 1.2.4-1.18.2 multipart_entities: MultipartEntities 1.1.5-1.18.2 byg: Oh The Biomes You'll Go 1.4 capybara: Capybara 1.0.4 cardinal-components: Cardinal Components API 4.1.4 cardinal-components-base: Cardinal Components API (base) 4.1.4 cardinal-components-block: Cardinal Components API (blocks) 4.1.4 cardinal-components-chunk: Cardinal Components API (chunks) 4.1.4 cardinal-components-entity: Cardinal Components API (entities) 4.1.4 cardinal-components-item: Cardinal Components API (items) 4.1.4 cardinal-components-level: Cardinal Components API (world saves) 4.1.4 cardinal-components-scoreboard: Cardinal Components API (scoreboard) 4.1.4 cardinal-components-world: Cardinal Components API (worlds) 4.1.4 carrier: Carrier 1.10.0 advanced_runtime_resource_pack: Runtime Resource Pack 0.5.5 cherishedworlds: Cherished Worlds 2.0.1-1.18 chipped: Chipped 1.2 chubby_stuff: Chubby Stuff 1.0.1 clienttweaks: Client Tweaks 7.1.0 cloth-api: Cloth API 3.2.64 cloth-client-events-v0: Cloth Client Events v0 3.2.64 cloth-common-events-v1: Cloth Common Events v1 3.2.64 cloth-datagen-api-v1: Cloth Datagen v1 3.2.64 cloth-scissors-api-v1: Cloth Scissors API v1 3.2.64 cloth-utils-v1: Cloth Utils v1 3.2.64 cloth-config: Cloth Config v6 6.2.62 cloth-basic-math: cloth-basic-math 0.6.1 clumps: Clumps 8.0.0+8 collective-fabric: Collective (Fabric) 4.26 fiber: fiber 0.23.0-2 comforts: Comforts 1.1.2-1.18.2 continuity: Continuity 1.1.0+1.18.2 controlling: Controlling For Fabric 9.0+19 crafttweaker: CraftTweaker 9.1.146 org_javassist_javassist: javassist 3.28.0-GA org_reflections_reflections: reflections 0.10.2 crawl: Crawl 0.10.6 mm: Manningham Mills 2.3 creatures_from_the_warmths: Creatures From The Warmths 2.1.0+1.18.2 creeperoverhaul: Creeper Overhaul 1.3.1 cullleaves: Cull Leaves 2.3.2 darkpaintings: DarkPaintings 10.0.3 dashloader: DashLoader 3.1.1+1.18 com_github_luben_zstd-jni: zstd-jni 1.5.2-2 dev_quantumfusion_dashloader_dashloader-core: dashloader-core 1.4.0 dev_quantumfusion_hyphen: hyphen 0.2.0 dawn: Dawn API 3.3.1 decorative_blocks: Decorative Blocks 2.1.0 deepslatecutting: Deepslate Cutting 1.3.4 com_moandjiezana_toml_toml4j: toml4j 0.7.2 maybe-data: Maybe data 1.3.1-1.18.2 deleteworldstotrash: Delete Worlds To Trash 3.2.0 dragonloot: DragonLoot 1.1.0 drippyloadingscreen: Drippy Loading Screen 1.6.3 duckling: Duckling 1.0.5 dustrial_decor: Dustrial Decor 0.5 dynamicfps: Dynamic FPS 2.1.0 earthtojavamobs: Earth2Java 1.8.0+1.18.2 easymagic: Easy Magic 3.3.0 easyshulkerboxes: Easy Shulker Boxes 3.1.1 eatinganimationid: Eating Animation 1.8 ecologics: Ecologics 1.5.4 edenring: EdenRing 0.5.1 elytratrinket: Elytra Trinket 3.0.0-1.18.1 enchantment_lore: Enchantment Lore 1.2.6-1 enchdesc: EnchantmentDescriptions 10.0.3 endgoblintraders: End Goblin Traders 1.5 (Re-upload) enhanced_attack_indicator: Enhanced Attack Indicator 1.0.3+1.18 enhancedcelestials: Enhanced Celestials 2.0.7 entityculling: EntityCulling-Fabric 1.5.1 equipmentcompare: Equipment Compare 1.2.12 expandeddelight: Expanded Delight 0.1.8.1 extended_armor_bars: Extended Armor Bars 1.2.1 extendedclouds: Extended Clouds 1.1.1 fabric: Fabric API 0.54.0+1.18.2 fabric-api-base: Fabric API Base 0.4.4+d7c144a860 fabric-api-lookup-api-v1: Fabric API Lookup API (v1) 1.6.1+2373a54560 fabric-biome-api-v1: Fabric Biome API (v1) 8.0.4+7b0f312660 fabric-blockrenderlayer-v1: Fabric BlockRenderLayer Registration (v1) 1.1.12+3ac43d9560 fabric-command-api-v1: Fabric Command API (v1) 1.1.9+d7c144a860 fabric-commands-v0: Fabric Commands (v0) 0.2.8+b4f4f6cd60 fabric-containers-v0: Fabric Containers (v0) 0.1.21+d7c144a860 fabric-content-registries-v0: Fabric Content Registries (v0) 3.0.6+d82b939260 fabric-convention-tags-v1: Fabric Convention Tags 1.0.1+474e4f7960 fabric-crash-report-info-v1: Fabric Crash Report Info (v1) 0.2.1+ee261a3e60 fabric-dimensions-v1: Fabric Dimensions API (v1) 2.1.19+ffb2c71e60 fabric-entity-events-v1: Fabric Entity Events (v1) 1.4.8+d7c144a860 fabric-events-interaction-v0: Fabric Events Interaction (v0) 0.4.19+d7c144a860 fabric-events-lifecycle-v0: Fabric Events Lifecycle (v0) 0.2.16+d7c144a860 fabric-game-rule-api-v1: Fabric Game Rule API (v1) 1.0.13+d7c144a860 fabric-item-api-v1: Fabric Item API (v1) 1.5.0+85719ab760 fabric-item-groups-v0: Fabric Item Groups (v0) 0.3.13+91896a4960 fabric-key-binding-api-v1: Fabric Key Binding API (v1) 1.0.12+54e5b2ec60 fabric-keybindings-v0: Fabric Key Bindings (v0) 0.2.10+b4f4f6cd60 fabric-lifecycle-events-v1: Fabric Lifecycle Events (v1) 2.0.4+d8d7804a60 fabric-loot-api-v2: Fabric Loot API (v2) 1.0.0+e747827960 fabric-loot-tables-v1: Fabric Loot Tables (v1) 1.1.0+e747827960 fabric-mining-level-api-v1: Fabric Mining Level API (v1) 2.1.2+81ea5b3c60 fabric-models-v0: Fabric Models (v0) 0.3.6+d7c144a860 fabric-networking-api-v1: Fabric Networking API (v1) 1.0.21+d882b91560 fabric-networking-v0: Fabric Networking (v0) 0.3.8+b4f4f6cd60 fabric-object-builder-api-v1: Fabric Object Builder API (v1) 2.1.2+032c981d60 fabric-particles-v1: Fabric Particles (v1) 0.2.12+526dc1ac60 fabric-registry-sync-v0: Fabric Registry Sync (v0) 0.9.8+0d9ab37260 fabric-renderer-api-v1: Fabric Renderer API (v1) 0.4.13+d882b91560 fabric-renderer-indigo: Fabric Renderer - Indigo 0.5.0+7faf0d8860 fabric-renderer-registries-v1: Fabric Renderer Registries (v1) 3.2.11+b4f4f6cd60 fabric-rendering-data-attachment-v1: Fabric Rendering Data Attachment (v1) 0.3.7+d7c144a860 fabric-rendering-fluids-v1: Fabric Rendering Fluids (v1) 2.0.2+54e5b2ec60 fabric-rendering-v0: Fabric Rendering (v0) 1.1.13+b4f4f6cd60 fabric-rendering-v1: Fabric Rendering (v1) 1.10.7+54e5b2ec60 fabric-resource-conditions-api-v1: Fabric Resource Conditions API (v1) 2.0.3+91b7aa6660 fabric-resource-loader-v0: Fabric Resource Loader (v0) 0.5.1+e747827960 fabric-screen-api-v1: Fabric Screen API (v1) 1.0.10+d882b91560 fabric-screen-handler-api-v1: Fabric Screen Handler API (v1) 1.2.0+1f6558e860 fabric-textures-v0: Fabric Textures (v0) 1.0.12+3ac43d9560 fabric-transfer-api-v1: Fabric Transfer API (v1) 1.6.2+f4563ac860 fabric-transitive-access-wideners-v1: Fabric Transitive Access Wideners (v1) 1.1.0+e747827960 fabric-language-kotlin: Fabric Language Kotlin 1.7.4+kotlin.1.6.21 org_jetbrains_kotlin_kotlin-reflect: kotlin-reflect 1.6.21 org_jetbrains_kotlin_kotlin-stdlib: kotlin-stdlib 1.6.21 org_jetbrains_kotlin_kotlin-stdlib-jdk7: kotlin-stdlib-jdk7 1.6.21 org_jetbrains_kotlin_kotlin-stdlib-jdk8: kotlin-stdlib-jdk8 1.6.21 org_jetbrains_kotlinx_kotlinx-coroutines-core-jvm: kotlinx-coroutines-core-jvm 1.6.1 org_jetbrains_kotlinx_kotlinx-coroutines-jdk8: kotlinx-coroutines-jdk8 1.6.1 org_jetbrains_kotlinx_kotlinx-serialization-cbor-jvm: kotlinx-serialization-cbor-jvm 1.3.2 org_jetbrains_kotlinx_kotlinx-serialization-core-jvm: kotlinx-serialization-core-jvm 1.3.2 org_jetbrains_kotlinx_kotlinx-serialization-json-jvm: kotlinx-serialization-json-jvm 1.3.2 fabricloader: Fabric Loader 0.14.6 fabricshieldlib: Fabric Shield Lib 1.5.3-1.18 fallingleaves: Falling Leaves 1.11.1+1.18.2 fallingtree: FallingTree 3.5.1 fancymenu: FancyMenu 2.7.2 farmersdelight: Farmer's Delight 1.18.2-0.2.1 farmersknives: Farmer's Knives 1.3 faux-custom-entity-data: Faux-Custom-Entity-Data 2.0.1 feature_nbt_deadlock_be_gone: Feature NBT Deadlock Be Gone - Fabric 2.0.0+1.18.2-rc1 ferritecore: FerriteCore 4.2.1 forgeconfigapiport: Forge Config API Port 3.2.0 forgottenrecipes: ForgottenRecipes 1.18.1-1.0.0 friendsandfoes: Friends&Foes 1.4.3 ftbchunks: FTB Chunks 1802.3.6-build.145 ftblibrary: FTB Library 1802.3.6-build.119 ftbquests: FTB Quests 1802.3.8-build.101 ftbteams: FTB Teams 1802.2.6-build.51 gateofbabylon: Gate Of Babylon 1.7.0-1.18.2 geckolib3: Geckolib 3.0.42 com_eliotlash_mclib_mclib: mclib 18 com_eliotlash_molang_molang: molang 18 geodes: More Geodes 1.4.2 go-fish: Go Fish 1.5.0-1.18.2 goblintraders: Goblin Traders 1.5.1 goodall: Goodall 1.0.2 graveyard: The Graveyard 1.8 guardvillagers: Guard Villagers Fabric 1.18.2-1.0.14 highlighter: Highlighter 1.1.2 iceberg: Iceberg 1.0.38 immersive_weathering: Immersive Weathering 2.5.3 impactfulweather: Biome Particle Weather 2.4.7 impaled: Impaled 1.1.3 indium: Indium 1.0.3+mc1.18.2 infusion_table: Infusion Table 1.0.5 ingredient-extension-api: Ingredient Extension API 2.0.5 inmis: Inmis 2.6.0-1.18.2 omega-config: OmegaConfig 1.2.3-1.18.1 inventoryhud: Inventory HUD + 3.4.2 iris: Iris 1.2.4-build.38 org_anarres_jcpp: jcpp 1.4.14 itemfilters: Item Filters 1802.2.7-build.21 jamlib: JamLib 0.0.5 java: OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 17 kleeslabs: KleeSlabs 11.0.0 konkrete: Konkrete 1.3.3 krypton: Krypton 0.1.9 com_velocitypowered_velocity-native: velocity-native 1.1.0-SNAPSHOT lambdynlights: LambDynamicLights 2.1.0+1.17 pride: Pride Lib 1.1.0+1.17 spruceui: SpruceUI 3.3.0+1.17 org_aperlambda_lambdajcommon: lambdajcommon 1.8.1 lazydfu: LazyDFU 0.1.2 lilwings: Lil' Wings 1.2.0 lithium: Lithium 0.7.10 lovely_snails: Lovely Snails 1.0.4+1.18 magnumtorch: Magnum Torch 3.1.2 mantori: Aphid Additions 1.0.0-1.18.2 mavm: More Axolotl Variants Mod 1.0.7a megane: megane 7.5.1 megane-api: megane-api 7.1.0 megane-fabric-transfer: megane-fabric-transfer 7.1.0 megane-reborn-core: megane-reborn-core 7.1.0 megane-reborn-energy: megane-reborn-energy 7.0.0 megane-runtime: megane-runtime 7.2.0 megane-tech-reborn: megane-tech-reborn 7.1.0 megane-vanilla: megane-vanilla 7.1.1 midnightlib: MidnightLib 0.4.0 minecraft: Minecraft 1.18.2 modid: Creatures Of The Snow 2.1.0+1.18.2 modmenu: Mod Menu 3.2.2 more-axolotls: More Axolotls 1.0.2 more_babies: More Babies 0.5.2 moreachievements: MoreAchievements 1.0.8 moretags: More Tags 3.0.4 moretotems: More Totems 2.10.0 morevillagers-fabric: MoreVillagersFabric 3.2.0-SNAPSHOT mostructures: Mo' Structures 1.4.2+1.18.2 mousetweaks: Mouse Tweaks 2.22 naturalist: Naturalist 1.0.0 naturescompass: Nature's Compass 1.18.2-2.0.3-fabric nears: Nears 1.1.8 notenoughanimations: NotEnoughAnimations 1.6.0 onsoulfire: On Soul Fire 1.18-3 overweight_farming: Overweight Farming 1.18.2-1.2.0-fabric oxidized: Oxidized 1.6.4 paintings: Paintings++ 9.1.2.1 patchouli: Patchouli 1.18.2-69-FABRIC paxi: Paxi 1.18.2-Fabric-2.0 phosphor: Phosphor 0.8.1 pickupnotifier: Pick Up Notifier 3.2.0 pigsteel: Pigsteel Mod 1.7.1 plushies: Plushie Mod 1.2 polymorph: Polymorph 0.0.21-1.18.2 postmateria: Post Materia 1.0.0-1.18.2 fiblib: FibLib 1.3.1+1.18.2 world-data: World Data 1.0.3-1.18.2 probablychests: Probably Chests 0.4.3 libgui: LibGui 5.3.2+1.18.2 jankson: Jankson 4.0.0+j1.2.0 blue_endless_jankson: jankson 1.2.1 libninepatch: LibNinePatch 1.1.0 puzzle: Puzzle 1.2.1 puzzle-base: Puzzle Base 1.2.1 puzzle-gui: Puzzle GUI 1.2.1 puzzle-models: Puzzle Models 1.2.1 puzzle-splashscreen: Puzzle Splash Screen 1.2.1 puzzleslib: Puzzles Lib 3.3.5 quartzelv: Quartz Elevator 2.1.1+1.18 repurposed_structures: Repurposed Structures 4.1.12+1.18.2 rightclickharvest: Right Click Harvest 2.0.7 roughlyenoughitems: Roughly Enough Items 8.2.470 roughlyenoughprofessions: Roughly Enough Professions 1.0.1 roughlyenoughresources: Roughly Enough Resources 2.5.0 runelic: Runelic 11.0.1 seasons: Fabric Seasons 1.4-BETA+1.18 simple-rpc: Simple RPC 3.0.1 me_hypherionmc_simple-rpc-common: simple-rpc-common 3.0.1 sit: Sit 1.18.2-19 skinlayers: 3d Skin Layers 1.4.6-mc1.18.2 sodium: Sodium 0.4.1+build.15 org_joml_joml: joml 1.10.2 spark: spark 1.9.1 fabric-permissions-api-v0: fabric-permissions-api 0.1-SNAPSHOT spirit: Spirit 1.3.0 sprout: Sprout 1.3.1 starterkit-fabric: Starter Kit (Fabric) 3.1 steves_vanilla: Steves Vanilla 1.1.0+1.18 stoneholm: Stoneholm 1.4.3 styled-nicknames: Styled Nicknames 1.0.4+1.18 player-data-api: Player Data API 0.1.0+1.18 styledchat: Styled Chat 1.2.3+1.18 placeholder-api: Placeholder API 1.1.3+1.17.1 t_and_t: Towns and Towers - Structure Add-on 1.6 tconstruct: Hephaestus 1.18.2-3.5.2.155 fabric-data-generation-api-v1: Fabric Data Generation API (v1) 3.0.1+9fcb91d260 mantle: Mantle 1.18.2-1.9.156 com_google_code_findbugs_jsr305: jsr305 3.0.2 forge_tags: Forge Tags 2.1 reach-entity-attributes: Reach Entity Attributes 2.2.0 star: Star 1.3+1.18.2 milk: Milk Lib 0.3.2 dripstone_fluid_lib: Dripstone Fluid Lib 1.2.0 techreborn: Tech Reborn 5.2.0 reborncore: Reborn Core 5.2.0 team_reborn_energy: Energy 2.2.0 terrablender: TerraBlender 1.1.0.102 com_electronwill_night-config_core: core 3.6.4 com_electronwill_night-config_toml: toml 3.6.4 the_aether: Paradise Lost 1.6.9+1.18.2 customportalapi: Custom Portal Api 0.0.1-beta50-1.18 gud_recipe_confidence: Recipe Confidence 1.0.2 incubus_core: Incubus Core 1.6.6+1.18.2 satin: Satin 1.7.2 the_bumblezone: The Bumblezone - Fabric 5.1.2+1.18.2 fake-player-api: Fake Player API 0.3.0 thonkutil: ThonkUtil 2.14.1+1.18 thonkutil-base: ThonkUtil Base 1.12.2+23c1dc2c60 thonkutil-capes-v1: ThonkUtil Capes (v1) 1.3.2+9e23427060 thonkutil-coords-v1: ThonkUtil Coords (v1) 1.0.19+9b80223760 thonkutil-customization-v1: ThonkUtil Customization (v1) 1.0.14+9b80223760 thonkutil-legacy: ThonkUtil Legacy 1.0.20+9b80223760 thonkutil-modchecker-v1: ThonkUtil ModChecker (v1) 1.0.12+9b80223760 thonkutil-potions-v0: ThonkUtil Potions (v0) 1.4.1+9b80223760 thonkutil-titlescreen-v1: ThonkUtil TitleScreen (v1) 1.1.9+9b80223760 thonkutil-trades-v1: ThonkUtil Trades (v1) 1.1.20+9b80223760 toms_storage: Tom's Simple Storage Mod 1.3.2 totw_additions: Towers of the Wild: Additions 1.2.1 tradingpost: Trading Post 3.2.0 trinketofundying: Trinket of Undying 2.0.1-1.18 trinkets: Trinkets 3.3.1 twigs: Twigs 1.1.3-patch1+1.18.2 universal_ores: Universal Ores 1.2.1 universalbonemeal: Universal Bone Meal 3.0.5 vanilla_degus: Vanilla Degus 1.3.0 veinmining: Vein Mining 0.0.12-1.18.2 villager-hats: Villager Hats 1.4.0 villagernames: Villager Names 4.0.4 visuality: Visuality 0.4.2 goosik-config: goosik-config 0.2.0 tlcosmetica: Cosmetica 0.4.0 visualworkbench: Visual Workbench 3.3.0 voidtotem: VoidTotem (Fabric) 1.18.2-1.3.1 voidz: VoidZ 1.0.7 wandering_collector: Wandering Collector 1.1.2+mc1.18.2 coat: Coat 1.0.0-beta.17+mc1.18.2 tweed4_annotated: tweed4_annotated 1.3.0 tweed4_base: tweed4_base 1.5.0+mc1.18.2 tweed4_data: tweed4_data 1.2.1+mc1.18.2 tweed4_data_hjson: tweed4_data_hjson 1.1.0 tweed4_tailor_coat: tweed4_tailor_coat 1.1.2+mc1.18.2 tweed4_tailor_screen: tweed4_tailor_screen 1.1.1+mc1.18.2 waystones: Waystones 2.5.3 windchimes: Windchimes 1.2.0 wolveswitharmor: Wolves With Armor 1.7.1-1.18.2 static-content: Static Content 1.0.1-1.16.2 staticdata: Static Data 1.1.2 wthit: wthit 4.10.3 xaerominimap: Xaero's Minimap 22.8.2 xaeroworldmap: Xaero's World Map 1.22.0 yigd: You're in Grave Danger 1.3.5 yungsapi: YUNG's API 1.18.2-Fabric-2.0.8 yungsbridges: YUNG's Bridges 1.18.2-Fabric-2.1.0 yungsextras: YUNG's Extras 1.18.2-Fabric-2.1.0 zihlaunchpads: ZIHLaunchpads 1.2.0 zoomify: Zoomify 1.6.0 com_github_llamalad7_mixinextras: mixinextras 0.0.10 dev_isxander_settxi: settxi 2.1.1 settxicloth: Settxi Cloth Impl 1.0.2 Launched Version: fabric-loader-0.14.6-1.18.2 Backend library: LWJGL version 3.2.2 build 10 Backend API: Unknown Window size:  GL Caps: Using framebuffer using OpenGL 3.2 GL debug messages:  Using VBOs: Yes Is Modded: Definitely; Client brand changed to 'fabric' Type: Client (map_client.txt) CPU:

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Other Oracle Designs: API3

Other Oracles Designs: Umbrella Network

NEW DEVELOPMENTS AND TRENDS

Privacy, ZK Proofs, and Oracles

ZK Cross Chain Messaging Through Oracle Relayers

Latency Is Dead, Long Live Latency

Modifications to TWAP

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

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My Black Friday Beginners Buying Guide

Index:

General Information:

Brand differences:

Good resources:

Important Notes:

Parts Lists:

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Common tactics and why they're bullshit.

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Bybit Learn Series - Nov 18

10 Reasons Why You Need to Use a Grid Trading Bot

What Is a Grid Trading Strategy?

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4. Turn strategies into profit during a quiet market