Disclaimer: I do not claim to be a guru/expert that knows everything. I'm just a nerd that learnt a lot through trial and error this year. I can only speak for what I have tried and tested. Long post ahead. Just sharing what I've learnt.
Define your system's rules precisely.
The thing with trading robots is that you need to have a black and white manual trading system that can actually be coded into a robot. For example, if your trading style is based on support and resistance, you'll need to quantify how your levels are drawn by the EA mathematically (e.g., highs and lows based on a period of time/zig-zag high-low IDs. (just an idea that works)
You won't code a system successfully if it works based on human subjectiveness which most popular strategies fall into this category.
Draw a flowchart of your system, from opening your charting platform to closing out at profit or loss. Every single step, filter (days of the week, months). You can also add these later on after testing the base system.
Coding the system (the hard part phase 1)
You can either go for fxdreema, which will limit you if you have no coding knowledge, but is a good base to start from. Use YouTube to learn the ropes. Boxxocode and Orchard Forex on YouTube have some really good tutorials. But regardless, you'll need to understand the basics of coding and building logic in general.

Testing the system correctly (hard part phase 2)
First of all, before you get into testing, you will absolutely need 100% tick data if you're on Mt5 and 99% tick data if you're on mt4. Any less quality and you're setting yourself up for failure. Your results will just be a lie. Your backtests will be worthless and you will give yourself false impressions about your system. Use the tick story, and Google how to use it to get accurate data for backtesting.
Make sure you have enough storage space. My tick data folder is close to 1TB in size with just a few symbols.
Use the "Every Tick" option when testing after getting good tick data.
https://preview.redd.it/jes2sgqgbrn91.png?width=1366&format=png&auto=webp&s=b65d759d2cefb63938e237fffef01acf31fb4e1d

Any less than 100% is lying to yourself in an already uncertain endeavor
I do however, use 1 minute OHLC to dry run strategies as it is faster and typically, if an EA fails with OHLC 1 minute data, it will fail even worse with Every tick testing.
Optimization/Tweaking
Once you have the data, use the visual backtest to see what your EA is doing and whether it's following correct logic. Use arrows to represent signals in your code and see if they're being shown correctly. If it's not right, go back to modifying the code.

Signal arrow example

Buy arrow example
The EA does not have to place trades, you can just set it to show arrows on valid signals as an indicator would and then study visual backtests to see if your logic makes sense or try to build an entry and exit strategy around the signals.
Some tips from my experience
EAs with fixed SL and TP parameters typically fail after long-term testing (from my testing experience). By long term I mean 5-12 year backtests. They'll perform really well for a certain period only to revert to mean or worse when losing trades pile up (regardless of how you try to reduce them)
What seems to work better is grid trading, with lot exponents (martingale) with very low risk per trade/ pending order. You may even go as far as using an ATR grid based on volatility so your grid is spaced better depending on market conditions.
Using percentage profit exits in combination with the grid yields the safest results.
I've tried hedging losses but that doesn't seem to work either, drawdown rises significantly with that approach.
Emergency Stop Loss
A grid trading system without a worst case scenario stop out will kill your account if things go bad. Never trade without one unless you're fine with waking up one day to a drained account.
Example grid ATR buy trade

Reduce drawdown to an absolute minimum, even if it costs you returns.
The average trader is obsessed with making extremely high gains from a profitable system, which ultimately spells their doom. Making 0.5 to 3% every month is not only very impressive but, more importantly, stable. It makes it very difficult for market randomness to put you in hair pulling situations.
You have to pay the price of having months with little to no profit. I've learnt this both in manual trading and automated trading. You can't have the best of both worlds (high yield + low risk). It's just not going to happen or it will be short-lived.
Managing EA
Having an EA trading/scanning around the clock every day is a risk in itself, especially when trading lower timeframes. Which is why it's important to code it to stop after making x% of profit for the week or month. Less is more.
Curve Fitting/Overfitting
Most of the (seemingly) profitable strategies I've built don't use multiple indicators (mas, oscillators). But if I do use them, they have fixed values based on what I'm logically trying to do. Instead of using strategy optimizer, I use my flowchart in the first step and visual tester to determine on a general basis what might be best to implement. That is how I optimize. This improves stability a lot. Using parameter optimization is typically how curve fitting occurs. Then, once new live ticks from the market are received during live trading, it fails miserably because it cannot handle randomness.
Example of a system with potential
This is a 5 year backtest of one of the systems I built based on my chart pattern using real tick data as well as commission calculation built into the simulation. Not indicators, just patterns. This portfolio is made up of EURUSD, GBPUSD, GBPAUD, NZDUSD and Gold all on 15min timeframe with exact same set file (settings).
Results analyzed with quant analyser, very powerful tool for both auto and manual traders. Just feed it your statements.

General Stats

Equity Chart

PnL analysis

Correlation Risk

Monte Carlo Analysis

Risk of Ruin

https://preview.redd.it/kgwvam68qrn91.png?width=1292&format=png&auto=webp&s=128cac0e2094c59e95f2c9f83a0c63f816ccccc8
*I have not figured out how to use Equity Control feature but seems very powerful if used correctly.
The more data you have, the more reliable judgment you can make on whether the strategy is a dud or not. A 10 year+ test is prime for checking a system's stability, imo. The longer it's stable without alarming drawdown, the longer it might work in the future without crashing your accounts.
If you see this

https://preview.redd.it/d5b6qwpvrrn91.png?width=1366&format=png&auto=webp&s=8f4d8796bca753906a52e8ae878aed4f8f3722c3
Your equity line making new lows (regardless of trading style) that means the system is failing and will go to zero sooner than later.
Oh and another thing, if your EA works well across more than one instrument without changes, then it is potentially that much more stable. I've tested so many systems that work well on one instrument and fail miserably on others, and that's a symptom of overfitting.
I now understand why some demographics would rather sell EA's than use them themselves. In most cases, it's a scam, but if you don't have enough capital to fund your EA properly, then you're better off making money selling it to either people that don't know any better (scamming) or to those with sufficient capital to make decent gains.
In summary....EA's do work but only if you know exactly what you're dealing with and have enough money to exploit them SAFELY. In any case nothing is certain. Hope this gives some insight to EA trading. Just wrote what was at the top of my head. Cheers!

Re-posting and doing a sticky of my guide here because the last guide links for the stickies post are now dead. Copied from here: https://www.reddit.com/UndervaluedStonks/comments/kheec2/the_ultimate_fundamentals_guide_on_what_you_need/
This is going to be the ultimate guide on what you should learn first starting from knowing absolutely nothing about investing to becoming an investor who can beat the market indexes. It doesn't matter if you invest in penny stocks or blue chips. The principles are all the same.
This is an opinionated guide. If you just want a resource unopinionated guide then check out this github:
https://github.com/ckz8780/market-toolkit
I will update it constantly in the future.

Prerequisites

- There are no capital requirements to investing. In fact you should start learning as soon as possible because it takes time to become proficient at investing.
- This guide is only for fundamentals as I specialize in fundamentals and not day trading, technical charting, cryptocurrencies or forex trading.
- This guide is tailored towards people who want to individually pick stocks, if you solely do ETF's or index investing this guide is still useful to you but not aimed at you.
- Investing should be done with disposable income. NOT with income you need such as rent money.
- If you aren't willing to put in the time and effort that investing requires to beat the market indexes then you should stick to passive investing and just buy an index fund and forget about it for 20 years. This requires 0 effort but you will never beat 8% a year on average and you because you lack experience you may panic and sell at times when you shouldn't.

1. Getting Started

To start off I would recommend watching this overview video, it quickly goes over the main stuff by legend investor Bill Ackman:
Bill Ackman: Everything You Need to Know About Stocks
Then you should start reading, lots of reading and no big amounts of investing. You have to read books from other fundamental investors to have an idea of how they did it and the decades of accumulated experience of investing they have poured into that book. It's important to read the right books from authors who have a track record of beating the market, not just anybody. I have ordered this list in terms of ease of reading for newbie investors as well as priority:

These 3 are all easy books for a beginner to get their feet wet and start off with some solid fundamentals. The harder books will come later.

2. Reading Financial Statements

Investing is all about reading financial statements and understanding how to read them such as the 10-k, 10-Q etc. Pick any company, it doesn't matter which one but I recommend that you pick a simple company that you already use and know.
Income Statement

Session 2: The Income Statement (Free)

Statement of Cash Flows

Session 4: The Statement of Cash Flows (Free)

The Balance Sheet

The Balance Sheet (Free)

Official RNS Reporting Sites
Companies are required to file official reports with their countries regulator, in the U.S this is the SEC (apart from small companies that trade Over The Counter).A list of the most popular official sites, you can search for your company on here:
- SEC - United States Listed Stocks
- OTC - United States OTC (Penny) stocks
- LSE - UK Stocks
- ASX - Australian Stocks
- NZX - New Zealand Stocks
- TSX - Canadian Stocks
- CSE - Canadian Alternative Stocks
- EURONEXT - France, Ireland, Netherlands, Belgium, Portugal, Norway, Alt UK
- GPW - Polish Stocks
- BOERSE FRANKFURT - German Stocks
Filings dump: https://github.com/ckz8780/market-toolkit#filings
It makes no sense to limit yourself to investing in one country only. A lot of bargains lay in other countries and you should expand your horizons to them and not just U.S stocks on Robinhood. So I added international links above too.
A lot of the above sites also have email signups so you can be notified instantly when a companies publish a new report.

3. Intrinsic Valuations

The most important part of this section in my opinion. If you understand how to intrinsically value a company then you understand when to buy and when to sell a company based on it's real value.
These differ from relative valuations such as the ratio's (PEG, PE etc) because here we are trying to find the intrinsic value to a company and NOT the relative value compared to it's peers. This is an important difference, for example in the 2001 dot com bubble you could have valued an insanely overvalued internet stock with a relative ratio such as Price-Operating-Cash-Flow and you may have found it to be better than it's peers. Just because it's better relatively than it's peers in it's industry does not mean a company is fair value.
Discounted Cash Flows Models
The reason a lot of people do not like DCF's is because:

They do not understand how to do them properly.
The resources online are absolutely terrible for DCF's, most use CAPM (in my opinion, a completely flawed way to calculate your WACC).
The templates are confusing.

I felt the same way until I watched Aswath Damoradan's course on corporate finance.
Here's the short course with 15 min long videos each:
Short Course on Valuation (Free)
However I highly recommend you do the entire university course (for free) because it's invaluable to understanding how to intrinsically value companies:
2019 Full Undergraduate Valuation Course (Free)
2019 Full MBA Valuation Course (Free)
There is a lot of cross-over between the above two playlists so once you do one course you can cherry pick videos from the other course.
Here are some resources on how to do your own DCF's:
Covid DCF Template Excel Spreadsheet (Free)
NYU - All Valuation Spreadsheets (Free)
The reason why I like these DCF models are because they are easy to use (Aswath explains how to use the excel template it in his video) and it does not use the flawed CAPM model for calculating the WACC.
Dividend Discount Models
An alternative way of getting the intrinsic value of a company. I do these very rarely so I'm no expert on them. I hope to up date this section in the future with more details.

Aswath Damoradan - Ch 14: Dividend Discount Models

4. Relative Valuation Ratio's & Technical Terms

There are a ton of financial terms and ratio's to learn such as PE, PEG, ROIC etc. The way to go about this is to learn these ratio's as you go when you encounter them in a book or your valuation and not just all at once. Investopedia usually has good explanations and videos of every term.
- Investopedia
The most important ratio's and relative valuations in my opinion are:
- Revenue
- Operating Margin
- Operating Income
- ROIC
- WACC (not the CAPM Version)
- Price-to-operating Cash Flow,and%20amortization%20to%20net%20income)
- Price-to-free Cash Flow
- Price-to-owner-earnings
- Debt-to-Equity
- Interest Coverage
- PEG
The most useless financial metric by far that way too many people use is the PE ratio, it is easily manipulated by accounting shenanigans, fluctuations in short term reporting and reinvesting companies such as Amazon. The PEG ratio also suffers from this but is better as it factors in growth.
Here's an intro to relative valuations by Aswath Damoradan:
Session 14: Relative Valuation - First Principles (Free)

5. Psychology of Investing

You should work on your own psychology to investing as soon as possible when you start investing. This will allow you to not panic sell during dips and crashes or FOMO (Fear Of Missing Out) during market rallies.
This is perhaps the most overlooked section, most investors never bother to get their psych in order which is a big mistake usually because of overconfidence of their own abilities.

6. Screeners

You should learn how to use screeners to narrow down stocks within your circle of competence and to the ratio's that you learned about in section 2. You want to screen for stocks that have below a certain threshold in x ratio, for example `PEG < 1` which will screen all stocks for you that have a PEG of less than 1 (A PEG of < 1 is theoretically undervalued...sometimes). It's best to combine multiple ratio's together to really narrow down to a select few companies to look at. This saves a bunch of time in finding potentially good companies.
The ratio's I like to use were all mentioned in section 2.
Screeners dump:

https://github.com/ckz8780/market-toolkit#scanners

Screeners I personally like best:

7. Value Investing

The easiest way to make money long term in the stock market is to simple buy undervalued stocks, this ties into value investing. It's a simple concept where if you buy something undervalued then sooner or later the market will realize it's undervalued and correct accordingly (most times, sometimes it can stay undervalued forever). A lot of people mistake value investing for price to book ratio or some trash ratio like that, value investing is simply the concept of buying a stock for less than its intrinsic worth (i.e a margin of safety).
You must read the following books:

These are the staples of value investing and what Warren Buffet read multiple times. They are difficult and long books to understand at first which is why I have put them in the 6th section so don't worry if you don't understand everything at first.

8. Accounting

To be able to read Financial Statement numbers you really need to know how accounting works, both for GAAP (U.S) and IFRS (Most of Rest of World).
The reason why you should know accounting is not only to spot red flags in financial statements but also to understand the downsides of accounting. For example, only recently in 2018 were companies required to include Capital Leases in their balance sheets liabilities. Before then, companies could hide it in Off-Balance sheet statements that few people looked at, grossly inflating the viability of some businesses with heavy lease requirements.

David Krug's courses are an in depth full courses on accounting. You may not have the time to learn accounting in full though so if you do not then I would recommend the Accounting 101 course which fast tracks you to learn only what you need for our purposes.
Howard Schilit's book will give you a good overview into the most common financial accounting tricks that you can try and spot.

9. Monte Carlo Simulations & Data/Statistics

This section is completely optional and not necessary but allows you to fine tune your assumptions.
So monte-carlo simulations are simulations that run thousands of times on your valuation models (such as your DCF model) to simulate multiple cases in your models. So instead of just doing a bear case and a bull case in your DCF model you can run a monte-carlo simulation and give your boundaries for your inputs (e.g 25% with a std. deviation of +/- 5%) and you will get a range of different outputs, in our case estimated prices per share and then you can use the mean price as your estimated price per share.

10. Useful DD's and Blogs

One of the ways I find new stocks to look into is by reading blogs and posts about undervalued stocks. Here's a couple that I like:

Well... if you've made it this far then congratz. It's a lot to learn, basically a full time job to learn all of it. And that's the point, if it was easy everyone would be rich.
A final point is that a lot of the above links are from prof. Aswath Damoradan. The reason is that I have found him to be the absolute best source of information in regards to valuation ever and everything he publishes is completely free.
Thanks!

Apa nasehatmu untuk mereka yang terkena Fomo?

Profited $106.00, started from $1.5k. Sold GBP/USD. 1.5k to 1M challenge!

altsignals.io é um bom investimento?

Colombia to prevent tax evasion with national digital currency: Report

Binomo web

Do This to Prevent Overfitting Your Algo

Do This to Prevent Overfitting Your Algo
It’s impossible to erase every ounce of overfitting or bias in a trading strategy. However, by following this method, your strategy will have far more predictive power then it would if you didn’t.
Making a strategy that achieves these metrics will be time consuming and serve as a benchmark before additional stress and/or forward testing.
A genuine edge will shine through in nearly all market conditions. If your strategy only performs well on the 1hr ES chart for the past 2 years, and it fails the moment you change instrument, timeframe, or increase backtest data, then you’re obviously doing something wrong.
How i’d go about making a strategy for EURUSD on 4hr chart:

Strategy creation:

Decide on either a Long or Short strategy.
Conditions: No more then 3 for entry and exit separately. Example of entry with 3 conditions: ADX Falling, MACD crosses above 0 line, RSI greater than 50.
Parameters eligible for optimization : NO MORE THEN 3!
Don’t overthink entries. Focus more on exit ideas and scaling techniques.
Have stops and targets dynamic/indicator based to make the strategy robust against multiple instruments/timeframes.
Less optimization needed = higher genuine edge. Complex strategies do not tailor to complex environments.

Main Testing:

Backtest data: Ten years (2010 - 2020). Quality tick data. If it includes spread that’s good, if not I’d set the spread to 5 and slippage to 1.
Backtesting symbols: forex majors: EURUSD, GBPUSD, USDCHF, USDJPY
Timeframes: 4hr chart on all majors. Then also the 1hr chart and 30min chart for EURUSD
Minimum Metrics for main chart (4hr EURUSD)
ProfitFactor greater than 1.3
Sharpe greater than 1
NetProfit/MaxDrawdown greater than 5
AvgWin/AvgLoss greater than 2
number of trades and net profit needs to be reasonable.
Metrics for additional markets/ timeframes:
Profit factor greater than 1.3
Sharpe greater than 1

Feel free to optimize the 1-3 parameters as much as you want. Batch optimization will tell you right off the bat if it’s even possible to get these metrics and obtaining them will be difficult since it forces the strategy to produce a very simple, genuine edge. If you do, then you certainly have something worth looking into. Obviously you could be even more strict and add in additional instruments/timeframes. That’s up to preference. Ideally get about 5-10 strategies that meet these standards before moving forward.

Additional testing:

At this point doing more tests is really up to preference and most of the time doesn’t really help or say much about how good the strategy is at predicting future outcomes. Performing Monte Carlo simulations, “what if” simulations and walk-forward optimizations, are all decent methods amongst a few others. However, skewing a strategy’s parameters and performance and seeing if the skewed version is still profitable simply isn’t that relevant. I can go into further detail in a different post.
Instead, there isn’t any harm in taking your 5-10 strategies and running them on a live demo or small live account and seeing if they perform well. Let’s say you have 5 strategies you start with one micro lot. After one month, increase the position size to 2 micro lots on the strategies that perform as expected (resembling backtest results). Continue this process of rewarding your successful strategies and punishing your lacking ones. Repeat the strategy creation process and bring in new strategies for other instruments. Running 10 - 50+ strategies with SIMPLE, genuine edges amongst many markets should be your goal.
Also, When moving to live trading or doing additional robustness tests, don’t get so focused on obtaining that super smooth upward equity curve. If your strategy is profitable while keeping the drawdown in check, then trust me you’re way ahead of the game than most and should be proud of your work.

[Sun, May 15 2022] TL;DR — This is the top investing content you missed in the last 24 hours on Reddit

stocks

Addiiboy

my dad wants to sell his whole Portfolio. how to stop him? ^{Advice Request}
Comments || Link

taintmoun

With 7 Trillion evaporated in NASDAQ alone per Bloomberg in 2022, is it still reasonable to believe inflation will continue to hit high? ^Meta
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ThisIsExxciting

high volume dumping apple shares thursday at 142$, what does that mean?
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StockMarket

Zakiahmed1976

My fear index is at ATH 😳 ^Discussion
Comments || Link

Roblist

What website or app is used to display these kind of information/graphics ? ^Newbie
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jaltrading21

I don't see any major economic events that will move the market this week, do you? ^Discussion
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investing

dulun18

The SEC Just Raised the Fees Investors Pay on Every Transaction, Even the Commission-Free Ones
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majorfighter

Why does this fund invest in treasury bills?
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igaloly

[Analysis] Basic Fit NV | Low cost gym operator in Europe | AMS: BFIT
Comments || Link

trakstocks

Artistic-Mall

If you feel bad, look at this ^OTC
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UndervaluedStonks

wallstreetbets

NotAce2

Bullish. ^Chart
Comments || Link

ze_end_ist_neigh

Beatings Will Continue Until Morale Improves ^Meme
Comments || Link

International_Band72

It was nice knowing y’all ^Meme
Comments || Link

market_sentiment

NineteenEighty9

The implications of germanys industrial model. Commentary by economist Michael Pettis.
Comments || Link

nobjos

Market Sentiment Survery
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options

GroundbreakingJump67

Selling cash secured puts to build a postion
Comments || Link

Dull-Climate-9638

Blown my account
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SaturnOne

Are bull credit spreads higher risk/reward than bull put spreads?
Comments || Link

pennystocks

Russticale

Turning up the Volume? ^{:Bolt2: Catalyst :bolt:}
Comments || Link

Erratic_Professional

RDBX...The Stock With A Brain Injury ^{:DDNerd: DD :DD:}
Comments || Link

HoffmanGuy

$BAOS anyone know anything about it? ^{:snoo_thoughtful: Question :Question:}
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SecurityAnalysis

investorinvestor

Fed Chair Powell: Controlling inflation will 'include some pain' - Marketplace ^Macro
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konman25

Nvidia deep dive part 2 - Data Center and AI ^{Long Thesis}
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mfritz123

Deep-dive 2022-13: Uni-President China ^{Long Thesis}
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Biotechplays

feelthebern5G

Investing now ^Discussion
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algotrading

diogene01

Roast my strategy - Random Walk + Monte Carlo Stock-picking ^Strategy
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throw_away_23_24

Why is the graph of actual vs predicted stock price using machine learning the same except a little lag? ^{Research Papers}
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JZcgQR2N

IB vs Alpaca execution quality for stocks ^{Infrastructure}
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Forex

elephanteverything

Something to cap the night. 🤪 ^MEMES
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mql4tycoon

Never lost ^MEMES
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my2centsforyoubam

Getting ready for another week. ^MEMES
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RobinHood

premidlifeCrySis

New to Trading, Just Want to Say Hi ^Shitpost
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CryptoMarkets

Mannit578

Tethers market cap plunged. Is it time? ^WARNING
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lanj_chiq

Now, I have to admit, i have them both but I also have other slowly but surely kind on coins like ADA and TVK. I know Im doing just fine ^DISCUSSION
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viagumowl

LUNA and UST CEO’s Family Asking for Police Protection ^NEWS
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Can the International Monetary System Collapse? and Can Crypto Currency replace it?

After watching the Congressional hearing today and seeing the concern over the US Dollar losing the mantle of world reserve currency to crypto, I decided to spend the rest of my evening researching the subject. I copied some of the highlights that I read and posted links so you could DYOR if you would like.

Jim Rickards: Sure. There are two reasons. One’s sort of more anecdotal; the other is much more rigorously scientific. The first reason is that the international monetary system has collapsed three times in the past 100 years, in 1914, 1939, and 1971. It’s been over 40 years since the last collapse. These things do seem to happen every 30 or 40 years. That’s just based on experience. That seems to be the useful life of the international monetary system.

The Collapse of the international monetary system and the petrodollar, part 1

Historical overview

From the 19th century to present, the major international monetary systems have evolved as follows.

Gold standard, until 1914 (fixed rates under UK dominance): throughout most of the 19th century and up to 1914 (outbreak of WW1), the world was on a gold standard. Especially, the period of 1879-1913 was called the Classical Gold Standard (or International Gold Standard) because all major countries participated in it. Trade was liberalized and capital was mobile.
Interwar period: after WW1, the world powers tried to return to the gold standard at prewar parities (i.e., at the previous exchange rates), but the attempt to restore gold convertibility did not succeed, except momentarily. The 1920s-30s were characterized by recessions, banking crises, the Great Depression and the rise of fascism. Exchange rates were mostly floating and protectionism increased. There was a hegemonic power shift from the UK to the US.
Bretton Woods system, 1950s-1971 (US-centered fixed rates): Under the international dollar standard, the world economy experienced high growth, price stability and movement toward freer trade. Unlike the gold standard days, however, there were severe restrictions on private capital mobility.
General floating and attempts to reduce instabilities, 1973-: After the transition period of 1971-73, the major currencies started to float. Soon, it was discovered that currency sometimes fluctuated too much. Crises and calm periods alternated. Overshooting, currency crises and massive capital flows became common. From 1985, major countries occasionally intervened jointly to correct currency levels. At the same time, European countries strived to create a unified currency in steps, which was achieved in 2002.

History of international Monetary Systems, part 1

Why Currencies Collapse
History is full of sudden currency collapses. Argentina, Hungary, Ukraine, Iceland, Venezuela, Zimbabwe and Germany have all experienced terrible currency crises since 1900. Depending on the definition of "collapse," the Russian currency calamity during 2014 could be considered another example.
The root of any collapse stems from a lack of faith in the stability or usefulness of money to serve as an effective store of value or medium of exchange. As soon as users stop believing that a currency is useful, that currency is in trouble. This can be brought about through improper valuations or pegging, chronic low growth, or inflation.

Rudiger Dornbusch and Juan Carlos de Pablo. "Debt and Macroeconomic Instability in Argentina," page 37. University of Chicago Press, 1989.
Adam Marton. "Inflation in Hungary After the Second World War," pages 4-22. Hungarian Statistical Review, 2012.
Vadym Lepetyuk, University of Minnesota. "Hyperinflation in Ukraine," pages 5-6. Accessed July 24, 2020.
Congressional Research Service. "Iceland’s Financial Crisis," pages 3-6. Accessed July 24, 2020.
Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas. "Oil-Rich Venezuela Tips Toward Hyperinflation," pages 1-8. Accessed July 24, 2020.
Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas. "Hyperinflation in Zimbabwe," pages 1-11. Accessed July 24, 2020
Robert L. Hetzel. "German Monetary History in the First Half of the Twentieth Century," page 2. Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond Economic Quarterly, 2002.
Wilson Center. "The 2014 Ruble Devaluation: A Perfect Storm," pages 1-6. Accessed July 24, 2020.

Will the U.S. Dollar Collapse?
There are some conceivable scenarios that might cause a sudden crisis for the dollar. The most realistic is the dual-threat of high inflation and high debt, a scenario in which rising consumer prices force the Fed to sharply raise interest rates. Much of the national debt is made up of relatively short-term instruments, so a spike in rates would act like an adjustable-rate mortgage after the teaser period ends. If the U.S. government struggled to afford its interest payments, foreign creditors could dump the dollar and trigger a collapse.
If the U.S. entered a steep recession or depression without dragging the rest of the world with it, users might leave the dollar. Another option would involve some major power, such as China or a post-European Union Germany, reinstating a commodity-based standard and monopolizing the reserve currency space. However, even in these scenarios, it is not clear that the dollar necessarily would collapse.
The collapse of the dollar remains highly unlikely. Of the preconditions necessary to force a collapse, only the prospect of higher inflation appears reasonable. Foreign exporters such as China and Japan do not want a dollar collapse because the United States is too important a customer. And even if the United States had to renegotiate or default on some debt obligations, there is little evidence that the world would let the dollar collapse and risk possible contagion.

What it would take for the U.S. Dollar to Collapse
Deloitte’s 2021 Global Blockchain Survey
A New age of digital assests
76% of respondents believe digital assets will serve as a strong alternative to, or outright replacement for, fiat currencies in the next 5–10 years.
other articles you can read about bitcoin replacing the global currency

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